About 35 countries will be able to make atomic weapons within nine years and nuclear war will become inevitable, the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute forecast today. The institute said also that scientists in both East and West were striving for a lead in nuclear technology that would make a pre‐emptive atomic strike tempting to either the United States or the Soviet Union. The claims came in a new publication, “Armaments and Disarmament in the Nuclear Age,” which marks the institute’s 10th anniversary. The independent organization, which has an international governing body, was set up by the Swedish Parliament in 1966 to commemorate 150 years of unbroken peace in Sweden. The publication painted a gloomy picture of far‐reaching technical advances in nuclear, chemical, bacteriological and conventional weaponry. it said the spread of nuclear capability to about 35 countries by 1985 would be a by‐product of peaceful nuclear programs. Stating that several “near nuclear” countries felt themselves in grave danger because of their geopolitical circumstances, the institute predicted that pressures on them to go nuclear would become irresistible. In such a situation, maintaining present balance in Soviet‐American relations would become impossible.
Harsh restraints were placed on the British economy in an effort by the government to salvage both the pound and its economic policies. The actions announced apply to the inner workings of the British banking system. One increases the lending rate that some banks pay to borrow from the Bank of England. The other major action increases the amount of money banks must leave on deposit with the Bank of England.
Two men from Portugal’s former colony of the Cape Verde Islands were killed and a score of Cape Verdeans and Portuguese were wounded last night in this country’s first major race riot. Some 130 Cape Verdeans involved in the clashes have been taken to the Santa Margarida airbase, near Abrantes, north of here, it was announced tonight. Representatives of the Cape Verde Embassy will go there tomorrow to decide what is to be done with them. The violence occurred among workers at the wolfram — tungsten — mines of Panasqueira, in the Estrela Mountains, 18 miles west of Fundāo in central Portugal. The mines are owned by the Beralt Tin and Wolfram Company, which has British, American, South African and Portuguese capital. “The problem was basically racial,” a company source said in a telephone interview today. “The Cape Verdeans and the Portuguese really despise each other, although there have been some mixed marriages here.”
At least 500,000 workers marched through Paris against France’s anti-inflation program in the largest demonstration since the student-worker uprising of 1968. The march climaxed a 24-hour general strike called by the Communist-led General Workers’ Confederation and the far-Left French Democratic Labor Confederation. The government’s austerity program includes wage and price restraints.
A French detective posing as an art collector has helped recover 118 stolen Picasso paintings worth more than $3.6 million, police said in Marseilles. Seven people were arrested in connection with the theft of the paintings from the Palace of Popes in Avignon on January 31. One of the suspects died of a heart attack in jail and another tried to commit suicide, police said. They said the police decoy lured the seven to a prearranged spot and found the Picassos in a small truck. All were in good condition.
Israeli Foreign Minister Yigal Allon told the U.N. General Assembly that his country is ready to join another Middle East conference in Geneva, and is willing to negotiate an arms ceiling with its Arab neighbors even before a peace plan is approved. But he criticized the lack of U.N. action in Lebanon, which is “bleeding to death in the sight of the whole world.”
Corporations that have joined the Arab boycott of Israel will not be named by the Commerce Department. Apparently retreating from a pledge he made during the debate, President Ford directed the department to make public all future reports on boycott matters. A Commerce Department spokesman stressed the confidentiality of previous information filed.
Christian militia units are being armed and organized by Israel in areas in the south near the border. The Israeli objective, according to observers, is to prevent Palestinian guerrillas from regrouping in the border area and becoming a threat to Israel once again. Many of the Lebanese soldiers seen in the southern part of the country had military equipment of standard Israeli issue. Lebanese soldiers in this region close to the Israeli border carry hand grenades, assault rifles and other weapons with Hebrew markings. Their uniforms and other equipment, down to canteens, are the standard issue of the Israeli armed forces. At Dovev, telephone lines from an Israeli command post across the border are strung under the frontier fence and along a sandy ditch on the Lebanese side. Lebanese officers acknowledged to visiting American correspondents that they had phone communications between their posts and those of the Israelis.
Large movements of Syrian troops were reported today in mountain areas southeast of Beirut. Palestinian guerrilla spokesmen said it appeared that an attack against the port city of Saida was being prepared. The Muslim‐leftist radio station in Beirut said that Saida, the last main port available to the Palestinians and their Lebanese Muslim allies, had been turned into a fortress, with barricades and checkpoints on streets and roads. Saida is 25 miles south of Beirut. Syria’s forward positions are at the Christian town of Jezzin, 10 miles east of Saida. The Damascus radio, controlled by the Syrian Government, broadcast appeals reportedly made by Lebanese villagers in the Jezzin area for military help against the Palestinians. Meanwhile, the major fronts in the Lebanese conflict were relatively quiet today. Some shooting erupted in Beirut during the day between rival wings in a radical Palestinian group, the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine General Command. During the night, some artillery shells struck the Presidential Palace at Baabda, a residential area in the hills outside the capital. The new Lebanese President, Elias Sarkis, was compelled to seek shelter in the basement.
Three climbers of the U.S. bicentennial Everest expedition set up camp 1,528 feet below the summit of Mt. Everest and prepared to make the final assault today on the world’s tallest peak. Dr. Chris Chandler, of Vashon, Washington, Robert Cormack, of Boulder, Colorado, and Sherpa guide Ang Phurba climbed 1,300 feet in five hours to reach the final camp, the Nepalese Foreign Ministry said.
The military rulers of Thailand moved to consolidate their hold on the country and to reassure the people that weeks of conflict were over. The Administration Reform Council, the group of 18 senior officers who staged the coup, lifted the curfew, but most other civil liberties remained suspended. The council began setting up commissions to supervise the government. A ban on the assembly of more than five people continued, and policemen manned roadblocks on major downtown streets, stopping cars to search at random for contraband arms. The universities, including Thammasat University, where violent clashes between students and policemen yesterday morning left at least 30 dead and hundreds injured, remained shut. Armed policemen patrolled the campus while hundreds of people watched from across the street, gaping at the bullet holes in the walls, the shattered windows and the blood-spattered pavements.
Hua Guofeng officially succeeds Mao Zedong as Chairman of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.
Hurricane Madeleine swung past Acapulco without causing damage and headed toward the smaller resort of Manzanillo, 300 miles farther up Mexico’s Pacific coast. The storm started dumping heavy rains on Acapulco but its 100-mph winds remained at sea. The hurricane was expected to move inland around Manzanillo this morning and was not expected to hit Baja California, which is still burying its dead from Hurricane Liza.
Investigators sifted through the wreckage of a downed Cuban jetliner seeking the cause of an explosion that ripped through the DC-8 before it fell into the Caribbean off Barbados Wednesday killing all 78 persons aboard. Among the victims were five members of a North Korean mission visiting the West Indies and led by Vice Minister Kwang Nae Ik. The Miami Herald reported that a man phoned the paper Wednesday night and said a group called El Condor had put a bomb aboard the plane to mark the October 10 anniversary of the unsuccessful Cuban revolution against Spain in 1868.
The United States and Panama agreed yesterday to resume negotiations in the next two weeks on a new Panama Canal treaty. The announcement was made after Secretary of State Henry A. Kissinger and Foreign Minister Aquilino Boyd of Panama conferred in Mr. Kissinger’s suite at the Waldorf Towers for 30 minutes yesterday morning. Ambassador‐at‐large Ellsworth Bunker will fly to Panama around the end of the month, American officials said, to reopen the negotiations that were recessed in May. Although the Ford Administration denied that the lengthy recess was connected to the American political campaign, it was widely believed that President Ford was unhappy with the prospect of having the negotiations continue while he was under attack from Ronald Reagan for planning to give up the canal, built by the United States, to Panama.
Peru’s military Government said today that it had broken up a revolutionary group of Communists who were supported financially by bank robberies and smuggling of cocaine. General Luis Cisneros Vizquerra, the Interior Minister, said at a news conference that as a result of the discovery of this armed group, called the Peruvian Popular Army, security forces had arrested 17 people and seized large amounts of arms, ammunition and dynamite along with files describing people scheduled for terrorist attacks. With these arrests, the general added, there are now 143 people under arrest for subversive activities, among them leaders of mine workers, teachers, and other union and student organizations.
The military Nigerian Government released today the draft of a new constitution, a voluminous and painstakingly prepared document that would turn Nigeria into Africa’s foremost multiparty democracy. The blueprint envisions a strong executive, modeled on the system of the United States, as head of a federation of the current 19 states. it calls for universal suffrage, contains a comprehensive bill of rights and includes provisions designed to dampen the ethnic and tribal rivalries that embroiled parliamentary politics in Nigeria before the military seized power in 1966.
A mystery disease — soon to be known as Ebola — has reportedly killed as many as 230 people in central Africa and is under close study by African and World Health Organization authorities. The death toll was unconfirmed but came from various sources in Zaire, Sudan and Uganda. World Health Organization authorities in Geneva said the disease was marked by high fever, aches, vomiting and bleeding from the nose, mouth, ears and intestines.
Militants fighting against the white-minority Rhodesian government bombed a railroad bridge just as a freight train carrying copper ore was passing over the Matetsi River. Two of the eight spans on the bridge were destroyed, but the two crew in the locomotive were uninjured, having made it to the other side of the bridge before the bomb went off.
The backtracking and backbiting in the two weeks that have passed since Prime Minister Ian D. Smith stunned Rhodesians with his announcement of majority rule within two years have dispelled the euphoria of those who greeted it as the way out even if not the one many whites had hoped for of an impasse of international ostracism and rising guerrilla warfare.
Leonid I. Brezhnev, the Soviet Communist Party leader, today assailed United States mediation efforts in southern Africa as an attempt to “substitute a fictitious liberation” that would actually perpetuate white supremacy there. Mr. Brezhnev did not mention Secretary of State Henry A. Kissinger by name in his remarks, which were at a dinner welcoming President Agostinho Neto of Angola, but the context seemed clear. The Soviet leader went on to repeat a Moscow assertion that the Soviet Union had no “special interests” to pursue in Africa. The remarks by Mr. Brezhnev were milder than the sometimes strident criticism the Soviet press directed at Mr. Kissinger’s “shuttle diplomacy” last month. But the point seemed the same — to portray the United States and Britain as working against the interests of the African people by shoring up the white leaderships of Rhodesia and South Africa.
A strong showing by Jimmy Carter in the second debate and basic changes In his campaigning may have halted the slide in the Democratic presidential candidate’s fortunes. Mr. Carter’s strong showing in Wednesday night’s hard‐hitting second debate — a debate in which the initial polls, impartial analysts and even some Republicans gave him a clear edge over President Ford — provided the capstone for a comeback that had been quietly building for at least a week. Basic changes in the former Georgia Governor’s approach on the stump, problems for Mr. Ford, improved Carter campaign organizations and other factors seem to have come together to reverse the momentum of the campaign once again, this time in Mr. Carter’s favor. Whether the new pattern will hold until the election and allow Mr. Carter to maintain his lead is impossible to predict, according to experienced politicians, who say that the sudden shifts in direction in this campaign are contrary to the pattern in past campaigns.
Astonished and derisive reactions were expressed by Eastern European ethnic groups to President Ford’s statement during the debate that the Soviet Union did not dominate Eastern Europe. The President’s top foreign policy advisers said that what Mr. Ford actually meant was that the United States did not accept the Soviet domination. In cities including Chicago, Cleveland and Pittsburgh, where Eastern European ethnic groups form major Voting blocs in key industrial states, leaders of these groups reacted spiritedly. Mr. Ford’s statements “will cause great harm to him, certainly for the moment,” said Aloysius Mazewski, national president of the Polish American Congress, whose headquarters are here. Mr. Ford himself, campaigning on the West Coast today, appeared to reshape his controversial statement — although not acknowledging that he was trying to do so. His Administration, he said, “firmly supports the aspirations for independence of the nations of Eastern Europe.”
Jimmy Carter accused President Ford of “insensitivity” to human aspirations and political oppression in his statement about Eastern Europe. The Democratic Presidential nominee vigorously pursued across California and Utah a tactical opportunity created by what Mr. Carter called a “very serious blunder” by the President in their televised debate last night. Mr. Ford said twice in the debate that there was no Soviet domination of Eastern Europe. White House officials subsequently said the President had meant to convey his Administration’s unwillingness to recognize Soviet hegemony over the so‐called captive nations. And Mr. Ford, without acknowledging error, made a similar statement this afternoon in Los Angeles. Mr. Carter chose today to ignore the explanation and to stress his contention that the President’s statement reflected a failure to understand the yearning for freedom among Eastern Europeans and émigrés from that area to the United States.
While both sides were claiming victory, two national surveys indicated today that more people thought Jimmy Carter had won last night’s television debate than felt President Ford had won.
“A major gaffe” and “a grave faux pas” were how some foreign newspapers, commentators and diplomats yesterday described President Ford’s statement that Eastern Europe is not dominated by the Soviet Union.
Details of how former Agriculture Secretary Earl L. Butz delayed enforcement of civil rights laws by softening compliance guidelines emerged from interviews with department sources. The net effect was to require the hiring of fewer minority workers in the extension program than what had been previously mandated. In Georgia, for example, the new standards cut the number of minority workers by half. Butz has denied allegations that he sidestepped laws against racial bias. But some extension service workers said Butz at one meeting, after complaints that guidelines were “too stringent,” promised to establish more “realistic” standards. Some extension programs then were spared from losing federal funding because of civil rights violations by the revised guidelines.
Radical surgery was performed on Senator Hubert Humphrey at a New York City hospital. The Senator’s bladder was removed as a treatment for cancer during an operation that lasted almost six hours. The surgeon, Dr. Willet Whitmore, said he saw no reason why Mr. Humphrey could not return to the Senate in January.
In the largest rise in almost a year, wholesale prices increased by nine-tenths of 1 percent during September, according to the Labor Department. Jimmy Carter said the increase was one more sign of economic mismanagement by the Ford administration. President Ford noted that wholesale prices had risen by less than 4 percent over the last year, saying this was an improvement. The jump in wholesale prices brought the index to 184.7 percent of its base of 100 a figure that represents 1967 prices. The rise was the largest for a single month since October 1975 and is expected to be reflected in retail prices over the next few months. Both food prices and the prices of industrial commodities increased sharply.
The Socialist Workers Party charged that the FBI might be trying to circumvent an order to halt its investigation of the SWP by employing “back-door methods” to continue pursuing the small, left-wing political group. The SWP made public an order by FBI Director Clarence M. Kelley advising field agents that they may continue investigating SWP members who have engaged in activities indicating they are “likely to use force or violence in violation of a federal law.” The FBI has not produced any evidence of wrongdoing by the party or its members in years and Attorney General Edward H. Levi 38 ordered the bureau on September 13 to terminate its investigation unless it has evidence. New guidelines, however, say the FBI may investigate if it has evidence of a specific illegal act or activities that could result in such acts.
Richard A. Sprague, a former federal prosecutor who successfully prosecuted the killers of United Mine Workers insurgent Joseph A. Yablonski, was sworn in to head a House investigation into the assassinations of President John F. Kennedy and Dr. Martin Luther King. He said it could take years to complete the job and vowed that no documents or witnesses would be beyond the scope of his investigation. Sprague was sworn in as acting counsel and staff director of the House Assassination Committee by Chairman Thomas N. Downing (D-Virginia). Both Downing and Rep. Henry B. Gonzales (D-Texas), who is considered likely to succeed Downing as chairman when he retires at the end of the year, have stated their belief that a conspiracy was behind the November, 1963, slaying of Kennedy.
One of the witnesses called to testify in the October 18 murder trial in Phoenix of John Harvey Adamson, accused in the dynamite-blast killing of Phoenix newspaper reporter Don Bolles, is facing personal legal problems. Harry Noye, 62, owner of the Havasu Construction Co., has been sued by a Seattle bank seeking $250,000 in allegedly defaulted construction loans. A former bank officer said the loans were made in an effort to salvage Noye’s Rodeway Inn project at Lake Havasu, the motel where Adamson stayed June 3, the night after Bolles was maimed by a powerful bomb placed under his car. Noye, who is acquainted with several key figures in the upcoming murder trial, denies knowing anything about the Bolles bombing.
Delegates from union locals around the country overwhelmingly approved a new contract agreement between the Ford Motor Company and the United Automobile Workers today. Union officials predicted that rank-and-file members would approve the contract by next Tuesday. The 155 delegates endorsed the tentative settlement by a show of hands with little dissent. Leonard Woodcock, till union president, said that the delegates had displayed “universal affirmative reaction” to what is regarded as the major new feature of the contract — a provision for 12 paid days off that the union views as the first step toward a four‐day work week for American industry.
The National Education Association said today that it had contributed $50,000 to help the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People appeal a court judgment in Mississippi. The teachers association said that the $50,000 was intended as “seed money” to encourage 53 state and territorial affiliates and 12,000 local affiliates to contribute also. Earlier, the American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations and the United Automobile Workers together pledged up to $800,000 to the N.A.A.C.P. for collateral in the case. Under the Mississippi law the N.A.A.C.P. must post a bond exceeding $1.5 million to appeal an Aug. 9 judgment of $1.25 million against it. The judgment results from a suit by 12 white merchants in Port Gibson, Mississippi, who charged that the association had been involved in a 1966 boycott aimed at eliminating employment and voting discrimination. “It is with the firm conviction that the N.A.A.C.P. must be allowed to continue its fine work that the N.E.A. has taken the present action,” the teachers’ group president, John Ryor, said.
Reporters may enter “the sanctity of the home” if accompanying police in official investigations, the Florida Supreme Court ruled. It dismissed a trespassing-invasion of privacy suit against the Florida Times-Union over a photograph taken in a murder-arson case in Jacksonville in 1972. The suit was brought by Klenna Ann Fletcher. Her daughter, Cindy, 17, died in the fire. Mrs. Fletcher was in New York when the tragedy occurred and learned of it through newspaper reports and a photograph depicting where the girl’s body was found. It is “common usage, custom and practice” for reporters and photographers to accompany police, the court said.
Republican Senator James Buckley and Democrat Daniel Patrick Moynihan, displayed wide agreement, however, on foreign affairs, especially the continuing threat posed by the Soviet Union.
The first “new town in town,” a widely hailed model for federally sponsored inner-city development in Minneapolis, is broke, its tenants unhappy and the government has been halted by a federal court from supplying it with any more funds. The court decided last spring that the developers had not adequately considered alternatives to its high-rise, high-density design.
Stock prices rose for the first time in seven trading sessions. The Dow Jones industrial average gained 5.40 points to close at 965.09. Bond prices continued their strong advance with municipal bond interest rates at their lowest point since early 1975.
Dow Jones Industrial Average: 965.09 (+5.40, +0.56%)
Born:
Charles Woodson, College Football Hall of Fame and NFL cornerback and safety (Heisman Trophy, 1997, U of Michigan; NFL Champions, Super Bowl 45-Packers, 2010; Pro Bowl, 1998–2001, 2008–2011, 2015; Oakland Raiders, Green Bay Packers), in Fremont, Ohio.
Antonio Dingle, NFL defensive tackle (Green Bay Packers, Carolina Panthers), in Fayetteville, North Carolina.
Marc Coma, Spanish rally racing motorcycle rider who won the Dakar Rally five times between 2006 and 2015, and the Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme world championship six times between 2005 and 2014; in Avià
Taylor Hicks, American pop and blue-eyed soul singer-songwriter (American Idol, 2006), in Birmingham, Alabama.
