The political‐military system that has more or less kept global order since World War II is breaking down and nothing is in sight to replace it, in the view of 200 scholars, government officials and military experts who have been meeting in Baden, Austria for the last four days. Dr. Christoph Bertram, a West German lawyer, defense expert and director of the International Institute for Strategic Studies, summed up the institute’s private debates at a news conference today. He said that a new era is beginning, that many of the old rules of the world game are no longer workable but that nobody has yet figured out the new rules. The atmosphere of the annual conference, attended by experts from Western Europe, the United States, Canada, Japan and a few developing countries, underscored the extent to which strategic planners consider the future world balance uncertain and the old assumptions of rule by the superpowers as having been undermined. The theme of the conference was the “proliferation of force and the diffusion of power,” focusing on the spread of modern conventional arms around the world and the possibility of proliferation of nuclear weapons.
Congress sent President Ford a $104.3 billion defense appropriations bill that provides funds for the B-1 bomber but limits spending for it to $87 million a month between now and February when a newly elected President will take office. There was no immediate indication whether Ford would sign or veto the bill.
Four air traffic controllers on duty when two jetliners collided last Friday in the worst air collision in history have been arrested, Yugoslav officials announced. A fifth controller who had been detained for questioning was released. There were no survivors among the 176 persons aboard the two planes — a British Airways jetliner and a Yugoslav charter jet — that collided in a busy air corridor under the control of the Zagreb tower.
A recommendation by the International Civil Aviation Organization will take effect within two years to allow aircraft over the North Atlantic to fly twice as close to each other as they do now. The recommendation by the U.N. agency will let planes fly 60 nautical miles away from each other and 1,000 feet above or below each other, instead of the current 120 nautical miles and 2,000 feet. After a two-week meeting in Montreal, spokesmen for the agency said the measure would save fuel and costs without loss of safety.
Five new earth tremors, registering up to 4 on the Richter scale, shook the earthquake-devastated area around Udine in northern Italy. Heavy weekend shocks had rocked the region where a 6.5 earthquake struck May 6, killing nearly 1,000 people. There were no immediate reports of damage or injuries in the latest tremors.
New violence broke out in the Basque region of northern Spain during a general strike by up to 200,000 workers protesting the killing of a factory worker by police. Riot police broke up demonstrations with clubs and tear gas. Hospital authorities said at least 25 were injured.
Fierce fighting reportedly broke out in Beirut today along the line between the city’s Christian and Muslim quarters only hours after agreement had been announced on a new truce in the area. Voice of Lebanon, the radio station of the Christian Phalangist Party, said Christian right‐wing forces had blocked an attempt by Muslim militiamen to strike across the line in the museum area. As many as 15 of the attackers were killed and 20 wounded, the radio said. The radio charged that the Sudanese contingent of the Arab League’s peacekeeping force stationed in the area had helped the attackers and that an armored car destroyed in the fighting belonged to the Arab force. The agreement on a truce was announced last night by Major General Mohammed Hassan Ghoneim of Egypt, the commander of the Arab League force. Fighting was also reported in the mountains east of Beirut and in the north and south of the country, and according to Palestinian and Lebanese leftist guerrillas Syrian forces took part.
In Pakistan, the collapse of a six-story apartment building in Karachi killed 139 people. The building had been constructed only one year earlier and the owner and contractor had only been given permission to erect a two story structure on the site because of the poor foundation for construction. The owner, Karam Elahi, lost all six members of his family in the collapse and was arrested along with the contractor, Ishaq Soomro.
The Indian government dropped its own legal effort to seize the printing press of the English-language newspaper. The Statesman. The censor’s office had taken the action because the newspaper commercially printed Seminar, a monthly magazine whose July issue was critical of India’s state of emergency.
An American veto will be cast against Vietnam’s bid for membership in the United Nations. President Ford made the decision to veto the application, Ambassador William Scranton said, because Hanoi’s failure to make a full accounting of Americans still listed as missing in the Vietnam war showed that Vietnam lacked the commitments to peace and humanitarianism that membership required.
China’s army has gained new prominence after several years out of the public’s attention. Its new role could give it a key voice in the selection of Mao Tse-tung’s successor, analysts believe. In an unusual move last week, the Communist Party’s military commission, made up of top military and party leaders involved with the army, was given equal footing with the Central Committee and the government in announcing Mao’s death.
Former Secretary of Defense James R. Schlesinger and his wife Rachel joined diplomats and other foreigners here today in filing by the bier of Mao Zedong in the Great Hall of the People. This was the first day that foreigners in China were permitted to pay their respects to the chairman of the Chinese Communist Party, who died last Thursday. The official press reported that total of 110,000 Chinese had filed by the bier Saturday and Sunday. Mr. Schlesinger arrived here a week ago on a private visit as a guest of the Chinese People’s Institute of Foreign Affairs.
Storms disrupted Philippine search operations for a chartered twin-engine plane that vanished while attempting to land in Manila during bad weather. The plane carried eight persons, three of them Americans, including Henry Lee of Anaheim, alternate US. director of the Asian Development Bank.
Australia became the 10th nation to sign a mutual cooperation pact with the U.S. Justice Department in investigating allegations of illegal foreign sales efforts of the Lockheed Aircraft Corp. The agreement, signed in Washington, referred to “allegations regarding illicit acts” of Lockheed and its subsidiaries or affiliates. The pact calls for exchanging all criminal evidence either country turns up.
The leader of the governing party in the House of Commons, Mitchell Sharp, has delivered his resignation to Prime Minister Pierre Elliott Trudeau and says he will not seek re‐election to the House in 1978. Mr. Sharp, 65 and one of the senior members of the Cabinet, issued a brief statement yesterday confirming that he would leave the Cabinet. The Prime Minister reportedly wants to bring younger members of the Liberal Party, including a second woman, into the Cabinet. Mr. Sharp said he was in no way being eliminated from the Cabinet, but he said, “I believe that I should make way for someone who intends to contest the next election.” He said he had told Mr. Trudeau of his retirement plans in June and submitted his resignation on July 15, to be accepted at the Prime Minister’s discretion.
The first multi-party elections in Trinidad and Tobago were held for the 36 seats of the Trinidadian House of Representatives. The ruling People’s National Movement party, led by Prime Minister Eric Williams won 24 seats and the United Labour Front of Basdeo Panday won 10. Panday would become Prime Minister in 1995 and serve until 2001.
Argentina’s military government cracked down on an outbreak of antisemitism, forbidding sale or distribution of neo-Nazi material and closing the publishing house responsible for most of it. Bomb and sniper attacks in recent weeks have been aimed at homes and businesses of the nation’s Jewish community, fifth largest in the world.
President Julius K. Nyerere of Tanzania was reported today to prefer that Secretary of State Henry A. Kissinger give priority to resolving the question of independence for South‐West Africa — rather than black majority rule in Rhodesia — during Mr. Kissinger’s African trip. Reporters were told this aboard Mr. Kissinger’s Air Force jet as it flew from Washington to this Swiss city where Mr. Kissinger is spending the night. Tomorrow he goes on to Dar es Salaam, the capital of Tanzania, to begin a search for peaceful resolution of problems in southern Africa, primarily independence for South‐West Africa, also known as Namibia, and transition to black majority rule in white‐ruled Rhodesia. The trip is expected to last at least 10 days. The trip, which includes some “shuttling,” may include a meeting with Prime Minister Ian D. Smith of Rhodesia, although this is not yet definite.
South Africa will not force Rhodesia into accepting a black government, Prime Minister Vorster said at a rally on the eve of his meeting with the Rhodesian leader, Ian Smith. Mr. Vorster described the Rhodesians as a proud people who would not take orders from anyone. “The Rhodesians are a proud people, and they won’t accept orders from South Africa or anyone else, for that matter,” Mr. Vorster told a cheering crowd at a political rally here. “I am not prepared to prescribe to any of my neighbors what their policy should be.” The speech was closely watched for hints of what Mr. Vorster will tell Mr. Smith when they meet tomorrow to discuss the Rhodesian settlement proposals laid before Mr. Vorster by Secretary of State Henry A. Kissinger, who met with the South African in Zurich at the beginning of the month.
The expeditions to Mars of Viking and 2 have aroused worldwide interest in the possibility of finding some form of life on that planet. But while the search for life by the biologists has been the center of attention, geologists have seen Mars‐ revealed clearly for the first” time as globe of fascinating and puzzling diversity. Photographs from the two Viking orbiters and the two lenders have shown Mars as a planet that, like Earth, has been shaped by great forces: But, paradoxically, those forces have produced very different results from those that occurred on Earth. Mountain ranges of the type found on Earth are largely absent on Mars. The movement of surface plates on Earth, dictated by the driving forces of molten rock from the interior, is not evident on Mars. Yet Mars has volcanoes larger than any on Earth.
The Government in the Sunshine Act, commonly referred to as the “Sunshine Law”, providing for nearly all meetings in the U.S. federal government to be open to the public (with ten specific exceptions) was signed into law by U.S. President Gerald R. Ford after passing unanimously in the House of Representatives (391 to 0) and the Senate (94 to 0). The exceptions included were for national defense, personnel rules for agencies, trade secrets, and accusations of a crime. President Ford signed the so-called Sunshine Act, saying he strongly endorses the concept that most of the decision-making business of about 50 federal regulatory agencies must be open to the public. In a Rose Garden ceremony, he said. “The public has the right to know… I am delighted to sign this legislation and let the sun shine in.” The law exempts only meetings dealing with national defense or security, trade secrets, criminal proceedings and personal privacy. The President later signed a bill requiring meat packers to post bonds to ensure that farmers get paid for their livestock even if the packers go bankrupt. Ford also signed a revised version of a bill he vetoed in July. It appropriates $51.5 million for the National Fire Prevention and Control Administration.
President Ford is preparing to make a comprehensive statement soon setting national and international guidelines for United States nuclear policy, three high‐ranking Administration officials reported today. They said the statement would be issued to meet mounting pressure from Congress, which is considering legislation restricting American nuclear technology exports, and to take the nuclear policy issue away from Jimmy Carter, the Democratic Presidential contender. A Presidential study group headed by Robert W. Fri, deputy administrator of the Energy Research and Development Administration, completed a 50‐page report on nuclear policy options last Tuesday after six weeks’ work.
President Ford’s strategists have decided not to start his campaign advertising on television until three days after his first debate with Jimmy Carter, even though this means that such commercials for the Democratic nominee will have a head start.
Thomas B. Cheatham, former president of Grumman International, testified before a Senate subcommittee he was told by a Nixon aide that a $1 million contribution to Richard M. Nixon’s 1972 reelection campaign would help get White House support for the firm’s attempt to sell planes to Japan. The allegation was denied by the aide. Richard Allen, then deputy assistant to the President for international sales and development, and by current Grumman executives. Cheatham said he had hoped to persuade Allen to ask Nixon to intercede in Grumman’s behalf. Cheatham said he did not know if a contribution was ever made. The plane sale to Japan was never made. The subcommittee is investigating Grumman’s foreign military sales.
A measure that would triple federal funds to acquire lands for national parks and recreation areas was approved by the Senate and sent to the White House for final approval. Also in the bill is a five-year, $524.5 million authorization for preservation of historic sites, now financed under an annual $24.4 million authorization.
President Leonard Woodcock of the United Auto Workers said in Detroit it would be “absolutely impossible, in my opinion,” to reach a contract settlement with Ford Motor Co. by midnight tonight, the strike deadline. Woodcock said the chances of reaching an agreement were “1 in 100,” despite a new Ford offer on a key union demand for reduced work time. Ford officials also conceded for the first time that they did not have much hope of avoiding a strike. An estimated 170,000 workers in 22 states are prepared to walk off their jobs and close down the nation’s No. 2 auto maker.
Pledging a return to rank-and-file unionism, United Steelworkers dissident Edward Sadlowski announced in Chicago he would oppose I.W. Abel’s chosen successor for president of the 1.4 million-member union. Sadlowki, 38, thus officially entered a campaign already marred by violence and bitter accusations. He said steelworkers have “paid dearly for union executives who… feel more at home with big businessmen than with workers.” Sadlowski will be opposing Lloyd McBride, a veteran USW official backed by the union leadership at the February election for a four-year term.
The Navy recovered four secret parts for its highly sophisticated F-14 fighter plane. The parts were found partly submerged in a shallow lake in Virginia Beach, Virginia. According to the statement issued by the Atlantic Fleet, personnel using metal detectors were searching for a fifth piece of electronic gear that vanished without explanation from Oceana Naval Air Station in Virginia Beach. The five classified components for the nation’s most complex combat aircraft disappeared last Tuesday but the incident was kept quiet until the Norfolk Virginian-Pilot reported that a search was under way.
Nuclear policy guidelines will be issued soon by President Ford, administration officials said. The statement is intended to counter pressure from Congress, where legislation restricting export of nuclear technology is under consideration, and to take the issue away from Jimmy Carter.
The gases in spray cans will almost certainly have to be curtailed in their use because of damage to the atmosphere’s ozone layer, a committee of the National Academy of Sciences reported. But it recommended a wait of at least two years before any action against the use of the gases, known as fluorocarbons, is taken so that attempts can be made to resolve many of the uncertainties about them.
Bail of $1 million each was set at the arraignment of the five hijackers who seized a T.W.A. jet Friday and took it on a 30-hour trans-Atlantic journey before surrendering in Paris. The five were also confronted with a murder charge filed by the Manhattan District Attorney’s office. They were charged in the complaint with placing a bomb in the Grand Central subway station that killed a police officer during a deactivation attempt.
A Federal appellate court ruled today that the Southern Pacific Railway does not own the right-of-way and never has had a revocable license to operate 24.75 miles of mainline track on an Indian reservation in western Nevada.
Files on “subversives” kept by police departments have been routinely checked by the Civil Service Commission, which investigates applicants for federal jobs. The disclosure was made by a House subcommittee, whose chairman, Representative Bella Abzug, said such files often contained erroneous material. A commission spokesman said the files were checked only when it was believed necessary.
A U.S. district judge in Los Angeles declined to hear a suit brought by Arizona environmentalists to block construction of the Palo Verde nuclear generating power plant near Phoenix. Judge Irving Hill said he lacked jurisdiction. He said the case should have been filed in either Phoenix or Washington, D.C.
In return for a $1 million campaign contribution, a Nixon administration official offered the President’s help in arranging an aircraft sale to Japan, a former head of a Grumman Corporation subsidiary told a Senate subcommittee. The former Grumman official said he subsequently arranged meetings between other company officials and Richard Allen, a Nixon assistant, but he did not know if any contributions were made. Mr. Allen denied ever asking for the contribution and Grumman denied that it had made any contribution.
As the New York Senate primary campaign ended, the five Democratic Senate hopefuls wound up debating nuances and images rather than issues. In the Republican primary, Senator James Buckley continued to ignore the challenge of Representative Peter Peyser, who went on saying that the Senator’s record was not in the best interests of New York.
A barge loaded with tons of thumbnail-sized white sea shells rammed a bridge over a narrow pass between two south Louisiana lakes today, sending a truck and at least one car tumbling off the 60-foot-high span.
2nd Enterprise, approach & lands Test Cricket (ALT) flight (5m, 28s)
Major League Baseball:
The Cleveland Indians downed the Boston Red Sox, 8–3, with designated-hitter Rico Carty pounding out four hits, including two doubles, driving in one run and scoring two others. Dennis Eckersley (11–12) got the victory.
The White Sox won a doubleheader from the Royals, 4–3 and 5–4, enabling the rained-out Athletics to draw to four games behind division-leading KC in the American League West. Kevin Bell’s sacrifice fly in the eighth inning produced the winning run in the opener and Jim Spencer’s three-run homer in the eighth decided the nightcap.
Rod Gilbreath and Willie Montanez each drove in two runs to support the five-hit pitching of Frank LaCorte (3–9) as the Braves defeated the Dodgers, 5–1, in the first game of a doubleheader. The Dodgers bounced back to win the second game, 4–3, with a four-run sixth inning highlighted by Manny Mota’s pinch-single with the bases full, as Rick Rhoden got his 12th win.
A two-run homer by Tony Muser in the 10th inning enabled the Orioles to beat the Brewers, 5–3, for their fifth victory in a row. This was Muser’s first homer since he was acquired from the White Sox June 15, 1975.
Jim Crawford, with help from Tiger reliever John Hiller over the last three innings, notched his first victory of the season, 3–1, after six defeats, when Rusty Staub and Willie Horton hit consecutive home runs in the sixth.
Two home runs by Mike Schmidt (Nos. 34 and 35) drove in four runs and carried the Phillies to a 7–2 victory over the Expos behind the six-hit pitching of Steve Carlton, who posted his 17th victory in 23 decisions with help from reliever Gene Garber over the last three innings.
With Tom Seaver (13–10) pitching a five-hitter and notching 12 strikeouts, the Mets spanked the Pirates, 5–0, and dropped the Bucs five games behind the Phillies in the National League East. Felix Millan’s two-run single was the key blow in a five-run seventh inning that gave the Mets their sixth victory in seven games.
The Giants made the most of three hits, two by Marty Perez, to overcome the Padres, 3–2, in 10 innings. Ken Reitz singled in the eighth for the Giants’ first hit off Tom Griffin and Johnnie LeMaster came in to run. After Gary Alexander and Darrell Evans were safe on consecutive errors by Hector Torres, loading the bases, Perez singled, driving in two runs to tie the score. In the 10th, Dave Rader drew a walk from Dave Freisleben and scored the winning run on a double by Perez.
Bob Forsch struggled through nine innings, ending a string of 29 games in which he had failed to finish, as the Cardinals edged the Cubs, 4–3. Forsch doubled in the eighth to drive in what proved to be the winning run.
Reliever Joe Hoerner walked Jerry Remy with the bases full in the 14th inning, opening the gates to a four-run deluge that produced the Angels’ 6–2 triumph over the Rangers. Dick Drago (7–7) recorded the victory.
The scheduled game between the Oakland A’s and the Twins at Minnesota was postponed due to rain. The game will be made up as part of a doubleheader tomorrow.
Cleveland Indians 8, Boston Red Sox 3
Kansas City Royals 3, Chicago White Sox 4
Kansas City Royals 4, Chicago White Sox 5
Atlanta Braves 5, Los Angeles Dodgers 1
Atlanta Braves 3, Los Angeles Dodgers 4
Baltimore Orioles 5, Milwaukee Brewers 3
Detroit Tigers 3, New York Yankees 1
Montreal Expos 2, Philadelphia Phillies 7
New York Mets 5, Pittsburgh Pirates 0
San Francisco Giants 3, San Diego Padres 2
Chicago Cubs 3, St. Louis Cardinals 4
California Angels 6, Texas Rangers 2
NFL Football:
The Miami Dolphins defeated the Buffalo Bills, 30–21. Miami and Buffalo traded touchdowns for a 14–14 tie midway through the second quarter, but a Garo Yepremian field goal with 18 seconds left in the first half and a touchdown pass from Bob Griese to Nat Moore on the second play of the third period helped give Miami its thirteenth straight win over Buffalo. Joe Ferguson passed for 282 yards and three touchdowns with John Holland catching two TD passes for 111 yards, but Yepremian’s three field goals proved to be the winning margin. Griese was 13 of 21 for 199 yards. Norm Bulaich paced the Miami ground game with 107 yards. Moore led Dolphins’ receivers with six receptions for 94 yards.
Miami Dolphins 30, Buffalo Bills 21
Stock prices fell toward the end of the session in slow trading, The Dow Jones Industrial average closed down 5.07 points at 983.29. Bond prices were little changed in light trading activity. Fears of a strike against the Ford Motor Company sent the stock market moderately lower yesterday in continued slow trading.
Dow Jones Industrial Average: 983.29 (-5.07, -0.51%)
Born:
Ro Khanna, American lawyer and politician (Rep-D-California 2017-), in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
José Théodore, Canadian NHL goaltender (NHL All-Star, 2002, 2004; Montreal Canadiens, Colorado Avalanche, Washington Capitals, Minnesota Lynx, Florida Panthers), in Laval, Quebec, Canada.
Reto Von Arx, Swiss National Team and NHL centre (Olympics, 2002; Chicago Blackhawks), in Egerkingen, Switzerland.
Wade Miller, MLB pitcher (Houston Astros, Boston Red Sox, Chicago Cubs), in Reading, Pennsylvania.
Derrick Ransom, NFL defensive tackle (Kansas City Chiefs, Arizona Cardinals, Jacksonville Jaguars), in Indianapolis, Indiana.
Joe Tuipala, NFL linebacker (Jacksonville Jaguars), in Honolulu, Hawaii.
Died:
Camilo Ponce Enríquez, 64, the 30th President of Ecuador (from 1956 to 1960); the county of Camilo Ponce Enríquez was named in his honor.
History Diaries 