Soviet nuclear physicist and dissident Andrei Sakharov was announced as the recipient of the 1975 Nobel Peace Prize, but was not allowed to travel to Oslo to accept it. Andrei Sakharov became the first Soviet citizen to win the Nobel Peace Prize. Dr. Sakharov, father of the Soviet hydrogen bomb, has incurred governmental wrath by becoming his country’s most outspoken advocate of civil liberties. The decision by a panel of the Norwegian Parliament was viewed as a test of Moscow’s sincerity in its official acknowledgment of the importance of respect by all nations for human rights and basic freedoms. “Andrei Dimitriyevich Sakharov has addressed his message of peace and justice to all peoples of the world,” the committee said in an unusually detailed citation explaining its reasons for choosing him for the 1975 award. “For him it is a fundamental principle that world peace can have no lasting value unless it is founded on respect for the individual human being in society.”
In Moscow, Dr. Sakharov, surrounded by friends drinking vodka toasts, responded to his Nobel Prize with an appeal for the release of Soviet political prisoners. “I hope that now in the period of détente,” he said in a handwritten statement, “giving the Peace Prize to a man who does not fully support the official point of view will not be viewed as a challenge to the official position but will be taken as a sign of the spirit of tolerance and broadness that must be an essential part of the process of détente. In the last few months I have often called for an amnesty for political prisoners, and now that I have heard about the prize, shall repeat this call once again.”
The Defense Department believes that the Soviet Union has deployed about 25 of its new supersonic bombers, which the Pentagon insists should be covered by any treaty limiting strategic nuclear weapons. The potential role and capacities of the plane, called the Backfire by the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, have developed into one of the controversial issues obstructing Soviet‐American agreement on a treaty to limit their strategic arsenals. The United States maintains that the bomber has an intercontinental range and is thus a strategic weapon. The Soviet Union contends that the bomber has too short a range to be classified. Pentagon analysts say that from intelligence evidence so far it is unclear whether the Soviet Union intended the plane to be an intercontinental strategic bomber able to attack the United States or a shorter-range bomber that could be used primarily to reach targets in Western Europe and China. But it is becoming increasingly clear, the analysts say, that under certain circumstances, the bomber has sufficient range to attack targets in the United States.
In Washington, a high State Department officer said that the department had prepared an emergency economic aid package of more than $80 million for Portugal. He said the package, which is expected to include about $20‐million in relief funds for refugees from Portugal’s West African territory of Angola, was awaiting approval by President Ford. The aid program has been prepared since the ouster six weeks ago of Portugal’s pro-Communist Premier, General Vasco Gonçalves. According to Administration and Congressional sources, it would be financed under a continuing resolution allowing the granting of foreign assistance that supports security while a regular aid bill is worked out. The aid program reflects an apparently strong feeling in the Administration that Portugal’s present coalition Government headed by Vice Admiral José Pinheiro de Azevedo is basically friendly to the United States and to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.
Rebel soldiers and leftist civilians were accused by the commander of Portugal’s northern military region of firing at loyal troops sent to break up a riot outside an artillery base occupied by leftist soldiers in Porto. He said the loyal troops did not respond to the gunfire. Political sources said the Popular Democrats had threatened to “suspend their activities” in the government unless the regime clarified its position on the clash, which left 64 persons hospitalized. Violence also flared between rival mobs in Lisbon and elsewhere in Portugal.
The Spanish army announced the arrest of three officers suspected of being members of a dissident group in the armed forces opposing the regime of General Francisco Franco. A communique from headquarters of the Barcelona military district announced the arrests of a major and two captains “in connection with judicial action which is continuing in Madrid against nine officers.”
West Germany and Poland signed three agreements in Warsaw, with Poland agreeing to allow 125,000 former German nationals to emigrate to West Germany, in return for two billion deutschmarks worth of credit.The Germans now allowed to emigrate to West Germany are among those who were caught up in the aftermath of World War II when about 40,000 square miles of Germany were placed under Polish control. Major German cities that became part of Poland after 1945 were Breslau (Wrocław), Danzig (Gdańsk), Stettin (Szczecin), Schneidemühl (Piła), Glewitz (Gliwice) and Thorn (Toruń).
A spokesman at the Dutch Embassy in Dublin said he had confirmation that kidnaped Dutch businessman Tiede Herrema was alive and that negotiations were under way to secure his release. Police said they thought they had the kidnappers — believed to be a breakaway gang of the Irish Republican Army — pinned down in the mountains of Southern Ireland. Officials of the Dutch-owned Ferenka firm said they were optimistic about the fate of their managing director, seized seven days ago near his Limerick home.
The more than 3,000 British Conservative Party members gathered in Blackpool have moved substantially to the right in a bid to get control of the government for their party’s new leaders. The mood of the meeting in this seaside resort has been set by a succession of speakers, votes and comments that have placed the party on an unmistakable rightward course. The new version of what has been called right‐wing Tory radicalism emerged Tuesday, the first day of the meeting, which is scheduled to end tomorrow. Sir Keith Joseph, the policy‐maker in chief for Margaret Thatcher, the Tory leader, was given a standing ovation after warning Conservatives against trying to occupy “the middle ground.” “The trouble with the middle ground,” he said, “is that we do not choose it or shape it. It shaped for us by the extremists. The more extreme to the left, the more to the left is the middle ground. It is a will‐ofthe‐wisp which we follow at our peril.”
A bomb hidden in a bag exploded at a central London bus stop, killing a man waiting for a bus and injuring 20 other people. The blast was the first in central London since a bomb killed two people in the lobby of the Hilton Hotel early last month. The blasts have been blamed on the Irish Republican Army.
The leader of Austria’s third largest party was accused by Nazi hunter Simon Wiesenthal of having belonged to an SS unit that committed atrocities in World War II. The allegations were denied by Friedrich Peter, head of the Freedom Party, who said he had belonged to an SS brigade but that he had not committed any war crimes. Wiesenthal charged that the brigade, together with other units, was responsible for the murder of more than 10,000 civilians.
The U.S. Senate voted 70–18 to authorize 200 American civilians to join the United Nations forces in the Sinai peninsula, a day after the House had approved the measure 341-69. Since the House of Representatives passed an identical joint resolution last night, no further Congressional action is needed. The resolution will be sent to the White House, and President Ford could sign the Administration‐sponsored measure as early as tomorrow. This formal acceptance of the plan to have American volunteers manning early‐warning stations in the Mitla and Gidi Passes of Sinai will open the way to Israel’s official signing of the protocols with Egypt that put the new agreement into effect. Egypt has already signed the protocols, but Israel had delayed pending the Congressional action.
Official Israeli sources said today that the attempt yesterday by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization to modify its previous anti‐Israeli actions was a “modest step in the right direction.” The official view, expressed in a statement issued quietly through Israeli diplomats and in private conversations, emphasized that the organization’s decisions against Israel last year had not been erased by yesterday’s action of the executive board. The board voted, in effect, to make it more difficult for Arab nations to block Israel’s participation in the world body’s activities.
Lebanese Christians and Muslims exchanged rocket and mortar fire and casualties rose in Beirut as Premier Rashid Karami sought the aid of the Syrian government to end the six-month crisis in his country. He announced that Yasser Arafat, the Palestinian guerrilla leader, would come to Beirut “to do his best to help restore peace.” Last night Mr. Karami met with President Suleiman Franjieh amid speculation that the Lebanese Cabinet might be expanded to include representatives of the warring Christian rightists and Muslim leftists. Meanwhile, exchanges of gunfire, rockets and mortar rounds increased during the evening. Gunmen continued to control all roads leading into and out of Beirut and held onto their positions in the downtown business center.
Several prominent Iranian officials and members of the academic community have warned that the government must take more effective action against such problems as illiteracy, rural poverty and social alienation.
The Supreme Court in India today deferred for at least 10 more days any decision on Prime Minister Indira Gandhi’s appeal against her conviction in June of violating election laws. After completion of arguments in the preliminary phase of the appeal, the court recessed to consider a request from lawyers opposing the Prime Minister that it nullify a law Parliament enacted in August to exonerate her. “We are quite satisfied at this indication that at least they are still in the process of making up their minds,” said Shanti Bhushan, chief lawyer of Raj Narain, who ran against Mrs. Gandhi in the 1971 election and took her to court after she defeated him at the polls. Mr. Narain is now in jail, one of thousands of anti‐Government figures arrested since al state of emergency was declared June 26.
Ten armed refugees, nine of them Chileans and one Brazilian, who are holding five U.N. officials hostage in the Buenos Aires offices of the U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees, said an organization that helps place refugees in Europe had promised to pay for their air tickets out of the country. A spokeswoman for the refugees, who came to Argentina in 1973, said the ticket offer had come from the Intergovernmental Committee for European Migration. The refugees seized 14 hostages Wednesday; nine were later freed.
President Ford emphasized that he “would not hesitate” to veto a permanent tax cut bill, even in the face of clear political risk, if Congress did not couple it with a cut in federal spending. At his first broadcast news conference in more than three months, Mr. Ford said that the tax and spending cut plan he outlined Monday was directed more toward fiscal and tax reform than at “affecting the economy.”
President Ford also told reporters that he had canceled a scheduled trip to Louisville, Kentucky, next Thursday because he had been warned that racial tensions over school busing there posed a potential threat to his security.
President Ford, at his news conference, said that he saw no justification for enactment of legislation to “bail out New York City” and that he did not believe Congress would pass such legislation. Earlier, Treasury Secretary William Simon told a Senate committee that if Congress insisted on providing emergency aid to the city it should impose “financial terms so punitive that no other city will be tempted to turn down the same road.”
Also on Capitol Hill, a House subcommittee voted, 8-2, to require federal agencies to identify 616 banks around the country that hold New York City obligations totaling at least 20 percent of their assets. Federal officials had declined to identify the banks on the ground that such identification could lead to a run on the banks and create a financial panic.
The Senate confirmed President Ford’s nomination of Thomas S. Kleppe to be interior secretary. By voice vote, it approved the former North Dakota congressman for the $60,000-a-year Cabinet post. Kleppe, 56, a millionaire, will succeed Stanley K. Hathaway, the former Wyoming governor who resigned last July after slightly more than a month on the job. Kleppe has been administrator of the Small Business Administration since 1971. What criticism there was centered mostly on Kleppe’s 4-year stewardship of the SBA when the agency was the target of a number of investigations into alleged mismanagement and political influence peddling. Kleppe, however, was never tied to the wrongdoing.
The Department of Health, Education and Welfare promised to relax an order requiring 16,000 public school systems to keep detailed disciplinary records in order to show whether there was discrimination against minority students. “We were in error,” HEW spokesman Martin Gerry told a House education subcommittee. He said the order would be modified but gave no indication it would be withdrawn as some school groups demanded. Gerry said information from 2,908 school systems disclosed that the frequency of expulsions and suspensions of black, LatinAmerican, Asian-American and American Indian students was nearly twice that of white students.
Stephen Soliah, 27 year old, was arraigned today in Federal District Court on an indictment charging him with having harbored Patricia Hearst while she was a fugitive from an indictment for armed bank robbery.
The District of Columbia school board fired Barbara A. Sizemore, the nation’s only black woman superintendent of a metropolitan school district, on general charges of incompetence. The 7-4 vote was based on a 74-page report by Administrative Law Judge Herbert O. Reid Sr., who said 13 of the board’s 17 allegations of Mrs. Sizemore’s shortcomings were justified. Mrs. Sizemore, who is expected to appeal, said her differences with the board stemmed from varying philosophies on education. Some members of the community had charged she was practicing black racism by tending to the problems of the black student majority at the expense of the white students-a charge she denied.
Dep. Defense Secretary William Clements told defense contractors that “we will not tolerate” any improper relationships between them. and key military officers and civilian officials. Clements, who was the head of a major oil well drilling company before joining the Defense Department, delivered what he called a “straight from the shoulder” lecture to a National Security Industrial Association dinner in Washington. While criticizing the judgment of some defense officials in taking favors, Clements said that “as a businessman currently in government I’m not proud of the conduct of industry… it takes two to tango.”
The parents of a boy who has been in a coma for two weeks say they want their son to die “mercifully,” but hospital officials in Elyria, Ohio, have refused to disconnect his life support system. Mr. and Mrs. Richard K. Carmen of nearby Wellington have asked Elyria Memorial Hospital to take their son, Randal, 17, off a respirator that is keeping him alive. Carmen said he would seek legal advice on the matter. The boy was injured during a football game in a friend’s yard on September 21 and lapsed into a coma. Neurosurgeon George Dakters, who operated on Randal, said the youth had “what we call a defunct or dead brain.”
In Los Angeles, Federal District Judge Warren Ferguson dismissed all charges against Frank DeMarco, former tax lawyer for Richard Nixon, on the ground that Mr. Demarco had been deprived of a fair trial by the conduct of the special Watergate prosecutor. Mr. DeMarco had been accused of making false statements to tax officials and of obstructing a congressional inquiry into a large tax deduction the former President received for a donation of his pre-presidential papers.
Near San Clemente, Mr. Nixon emerged from seclusion and played golf in a tournament with the leadership of the Teamsters’ union and several men linked by law enforcement officials to organized crime. The tournament was held at La Costa Country Club, a resort built largely with loans from the Teamsters’ pension funds.
Supreme Court Justice William O. Douglas refused today to grant freedom to Lynette Alice Fromme pending her trial on charges of attempting to assassinate President Ford in Sacramento, California, on September 5.
Emperor Hirohito of Japan visits San Francisco.
The Food and Drug Administration announced it will make a new attempt to find out whether Red. No. 2, the country’s most widely used food coloring, causes cancer. The FDA formed a committee of experts to meet Nov. 20 with the Red. No. 2 question as its first task. The dye is used to color everything from strawberry ice cream and soda pop to lipstick and pill coatings. The Health’ Research Group, a Ralph Naderbacked medical study organization, asked the FDA nearly four years ago to ban the dye, contending that studies “strongly indicate” it causes cancer. The FDA over the ensuing years released several studies that showed the dye was safe.
The House passed a bill extending federal regulation of insecticides and similar products by the Environmental Protection Agency, but also gave the Agriculture Department a bigger say in the matter. A bill extending the federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act for one year with an authorization of $52.2 million passed 329 to 80 and was sent to the Senate. The Ford Administration and the American Farm Bureau Federation both support the measure, but EPA and environmental groups had sought a simple extension of the current law. The new measure would require that the EPA give the Agriculture Department 60 days’ notice of any new regulations it plans to use on pesticides, except in cases of imminent danger to human health.
The snail darter (Percina tanasi), a small fish indigenous to the Little Tennessee River, was declared an endangered species by the United States. Protection of the habitat of the snail darter would delay construction of the Tellico Dam for two years; the dam would eventually be constructed and the snail darter population would increase to the point that its status would be altered in 1984 to “threatened species”.
A tree-cutting incident involving a Walt Disney Productions survey crew was “blown out of proportion,” the chairman of the Sierra County Planning Commission said. The commission visited the site near Independence Lake where, according to the Sierra County Conservation Club, a Disney crew cut down trees up to 10 inches in diameter on national forest land. Disney plans a ski lodge and recreation area on a 200-acre site at the lake. “The trees Disney cut were the diameter of a man’s thumb, except one,” Richard Tuthill, chairman of the Planning Commission, said. “That tree was 934 inches in diame ter and that tree was dead.”
Toilet-equipped pleasure and commercial boats operating in most fresh water areas must be equipped with holding tanks so sewage is not discharged into lakes and rivers under new rules proposed by the Environmental Protection Agency. The rules would permit boat owners to dump wastes in coastal regions and areas where the water is not landlocked if owners install devices to treat the waste first. This is a weakening of the EPA’s original proposal in June, 1972, under which discharges of any kind would have been banned. That proposal was fought by many of the nation’s 550,000 pleasure boat owners, who claimed the holding tank concept was impractical because there are not enough facilities to pump out such tanks.
Dow Jones Industrial Average: 824.54 (+0.63, +0.08%)
Born:
Sean Lennon, American singer and songwriter, to John Lennon and Yoko Ono (on his father’s 35th birthday), in New York, New York.
Mark Viduka, Australian soccer striker (Olympics, 1996), in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Jason Krog, Canadian NHL centre (New York Islanders, Mighty Ducks of Anaheim, Atlanta Thrashers, New York Rangers, Vancouver Canucks), in Fernie, British Columbia, Canada.
Tony Tuzzolino, NHL right wing (Mighty Ducks of Anaheim, New York Rangers, Boston Bruins), in Buffalo, New York.
Danny Mota, Dominican MLB pitcher (Minnesota Twins), in El Seibo, Dominican Republic.
J.J. Trujillo, MLB pitcher (San Diego Padres), in Corpus Christi, Texas.
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