Pentagon analysts contend that the Navy must shift away from buying $2 billion aircraft carriers, costly escorts and sophisticated planes so it can afford a fleet big enough to protect U.S. global interests. In a confidential report to Defense Secretary James R. Schlesinger, the civilian analysts said the Navy’s planned rate of adding to the fleet was too slow. The Navy now has about 490 warships and support vessels, its smallest fleet since before World War II. The Defense Department, raising a potentially volatile policy issue, is challenging the Navy’s plans to build a fleet of 12 nuclear-powered “super-carriers” at a cost of tens of billions of dollars. In an “issue paper” now circulating within the Pentagon, the Defense Department is suggesting that the Navy plan on a future “mix” of aircraft carriers, consisting of six of the super carriers and six to nine smaller, less expensive carriers.
[Ed: Small carriers have such low sortie rates that they can barely defend themselves, let along project meaningful power. The Navy was correct to reject this. It’s a false economy.]
The American and Soviet astronauts today ended their two-day link-up in space at 11 AM, Eastern daylight time. The Apollo and Soyuz spaceships then flew in formation for a little more than three hours in two revolutions of the earth to conduct two joint experiments involving the sun and earth. When the joint flight had been completed Apollo pulled away from Soyuz for good, dropping into a lower orbit about 136 miles above the earth. The Soviet astronauts are scheduled to return to earth Monday, near Karaganda in Kazakhstan, at 6:51 AM, Eastern daylight time. The Apollo astronauts will stay in orbit until Thursday. They will land in the Pacific Ocean, west of Hawaii.
The European security conference in Geneva was putting the finishing touches on a charter of more than 100 pages, calling for improved East-West-relations, that will be presented for adoption at a summit-level meeting in Helsinki on July 30. Official acknowledgment that the charter, which took 22 months to negotiate, would be ready in time was made when agreement was reached on an issue that had long pitted the Cypriote government of Archbishop Makarios against the government of Turkey. In Washington, the White House announced that President Ford would be in Helsinki from July 30 to August 1.
Quiet moves are under way to resolve the dispute between the governing majority in the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization and Israel, and other steps are being discussed. Similar attempts are being made to dear the air between UNESCO and the United States, which is withholding payment of its quarter share of the 135‐nation agency’s budget because of sanctions voted against Israel last November. With France and Switzerland also reducing their contributions by 10 percent, the organization has a cash‐flow problem. In addition, the morale of the staff of 3,400 appears to have been lowered by the denunciations to which the agency has been subjected since November by artists, writers, scientists and others around the world. More than 2,000 of the staff, work at the secretariat’s cluster of buildings near the Eiffel Tower. The protests came after the, majority on the agency’s governing body. the General Conference pushed through two resolutions cutting off Israel from UNESCO aid and barring her from its European regional group.
President Ford shared with visiting Soviet leader Leonid I. Brezhnev private letters he wrote to two congressional leaders about Russian-American trade problems before dropping them in the mail to Capitol Hill. The letters June 27 were addressed to Senator Russell Long (D-Louisiana) and Rep. Al Ullman (D-Oregon) and repeated the President’s request for “remedial” action on restrictive legislation enacted last year dealing with Soviet trade. The law makes the favorable trade status contingent on relaxation of emigration policies.
The Soviet Union reported that industrial production increased by 7.7% in the first six months of this year, compared with the same period last year. The central statistical board said this was 1% higher than planned. Soviet foreign trade reportedly increased 28% in the same six months. The nation’s population was put at 254.3 million on July 1.
In an apparent gesture of sympathy toward Moscow, Yugoslavia’s Communist-controlled press has denounced an article by Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn as “raving.” The article, published recently by the Paris newspaper Le Monde, had singled out the Soviet Union as the main menace to Western civilization ands urged a stiffening of the Western military and political position toward that country. The Yugoslav response was significant in that the works of Soviet dissidents and other critics of the Soviet system are rarely mentioned in print.
The biggest public demonstration against the Communist party since the start of the Portuguese revolution 15 months ago culminated in a rally by the Socialist party in the heart of Lisbon. As the Socialists gathered under their leader, Mario Soares, after Friday night’s successful rally in Oporto, Portugal’s second largest city, the governing High Council of the Revolution was debating the ouster of Premier Vasco Goncalves, the Communists’ most important military ally. Within the Revolutionary Council, the anti-Goncalves forces seemed to hold a majority.
Without much fanfare, Prime Minister Harold Wilson’s plan to bring down the rate of inflation by restraining wages received two important endorsements this week. Perhaps the more significant was the decision by the executive committee of the National Union of Mineworkers to ask the union’s 260,000 members to accept Mr. Wilson’s proposal for a limit of £6, or $13.20 a week for wage increases negotiated after August 1. The expectation in government circles was that rank‐and‐file miners, who will he asked to vote by individual ballot next month, would follow the committee’s advice. If they do, the prospects of a miners’ strike in defiance of the new policy would appear to be greatly diminished.
A London magistrate denied bail today to John Stonehouse and ordered the member of Parliament and former Labor Government minister imprisoned until July 28. At the same time, details were issued on the formal charges against him. They allege that he planned his disappearance at least four months before he left London for Miami Beach. Mr. Stonehouse, 50 years old, vanished after going for a swim in Miami Beach last November 20. He later turned up in Melbourne, Australia, under an assumed name. Mr. Stonehouse faces 21 charges of fraud, theft and conspiracy, involving a total of $374,000, and his former secretary and companion Sheila Buckley, 28, faces six charges alleging theft, fraud and conspiracy.
The bishop of the Basque diocese at Bilbao, Spain, threatened to excommunicate military judges if they try two Catholic priests indicted without his permission, a newspaper reported. Although a diocese office refuted the report as “untrue,” the newspaper said Bishop Antonio Anoveros denied permission to indict Fathers Domingo Arteche and Luis Amiano Arando, accused of participating in the 1972 kidnaping of industrialist Lorenzo Zabala.
Two of Lebanon’s leading newspapers, An Nahar and Al Hayat, said today that President Anwar el‐Sadat was considering abrogating Egypt’s treaty of friendship and cooperation with the Soviet Union. Al Hayat added that Cairo had already served notice on the Soviet fleet in the Mediterranean that as of the beginning of August it will no longer be able to use the facilities and supplies at Egyptian ports. The Soviet‐Egyptian friendship treaty provided for closer cooperation and policy coordination between the two countries. According to An Nahar, President Sadat considers the Soviet Union’s reluctance to provide Egypt with additional weapons and to reschedule Egyptian debts as a violation of the treaty.
George Fernandes, one of India’s top labor leaders, has made a call for the mobilization of an underground resistance movement to overthrow “the fascist dictatorship” of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. Mr. Fernandes, who is also chairman of India’s Socialist party and a former member of Parliament, urged the people to form “action units” for the organization of general strikes, placard-posting and the nonviolent obstruction of transportation and communications.
Both North Vietnam and the Provisional Revolutionary Government of South Vietnam will send resident observers to the United Nations. Both governments are members of a number of specialized U.N. agencies and both have applied for full membership in the world organization. Representing South Vietnam will be Ambassador Đinh Bá Thi and representing the north will be Ambassador Nguyễn Văn Lưu.
A bomb exploded in the center of the capital of El Salvador today, apparently in protest against the Miss Universe finals to be held in San Salvador in a few hours. Police officials said the dynamite charge injured one pedestrian and damaged the national tourist office, which organized the beauty pageant. University students plastered buildings with red‐paint slogans during the night attacking the Government in obscene language and protesting against the $1.5‐million the country has spent to stage the Miss Universe competition. Extra troops guarded the hotel where the 71 national beauty queens were staying and the gymnasium where they were spending the day in final rehearsals.
Argentine President Maria Estela Perón faced mounting pressure to purge her conservative cabinet and to shore up the nation’s crumbling economy. Controversial Economy Minister Celestino Rodrigo has presented his resignation. But Mrs. Perón has made no move to accept it or to alter his austerity program. Jose Lopez Rega, ousted powerful confidant of the president, left for Europe on what was officially called an ambassadorial mission.
Two American technicians and four Ethiopians have been kidnapped in Eritrea Province, apparently by the secessionist Eritrean Liberation Front, an Ethiopian Government spokesman said today. The Americans, identified as Steve Campbell and Jim Harrell, were seized on Monday, the spokesman said. Both are civilian technicians at the United States military communications facility in the Eritrean city of Asmara. The Ethiopian Government and United States diplomats here declined to give details about the incident. The government spokesman said no word had been received from the kidnappers.
A communiqué issued by the Somali Embassy in Paris today said development of the port of Berbera was intended to promote Somalia’s economic progress, not to prepare for the establishment of a Soviet military base. The communiqué reiterated earlier Somali denials that the Soviet Union was building a missile base near Berbera, as asserted in Washington. The communiqué accused the Ford Administration of initiating a “slanderous campaign” against Somalia with the aim of “justifying in the eyes of the American Congress the demand for important additional appropriations for enlargement of the American base on Diego Garcia and to justify in the eyes of American and world public opinion the United States presence in the Indian Ocean.”
President Siaka Stevens of Sierra Leone had fourteen former government and military officials executed by firing squad for conspiring to overthrow him.
Mortar shells and machine‐gun fire peppered the vicinity of an old Portuguese fort in Luanda, Angola today for the third day as one black liberation movement that hopes to lead the country to independence tried to overwhelm soldiers of a rival organization taking refuge in the fort. The shelling seemed largely inaccurate and sporadic, but it complicated efforts to restore effective coalition government in Angola by contending black political movements. Earlier this week, troops of the left‐wing Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola drove most of the soldiers of the anti‐Communist National Front for the Liberation of Angola out of the capital city and assumed effective control of almost all of its estimated half a million black inhabitants. Portuguese colonial troops protected the white population and the central business sector where life was more or less normal.
South Africa plans to establish “rehabilitation institutions” in black homelands for those who violate laws governing black employment and migration. Opponents of new regulations providing for such institutions charge that they will be little more than forced‐labor camps for blacks, while the government insists that the centers are intended principally to rehabilitate vagrants and idlers. Sheena Duncan, president of the Black Sash, an anti-apartheid organization of white women, said the small print in the government’s proclamation showed that any black African violating the country’s complex laws on black employment an migration could be committed to the institutions without trial for up to three years.
President Ford announced that he would veto congressional legislation to extend price controls on domestic oil and roll back current oil prices. The President, in effect, has challenged Congress to accept his plan for the phased decontrol of domestic oil or to confront the nation with the threat of an abrupt end to price controls on oil on August 31.
President Ford has maintained the gain in popularity he won during the Mayaguez incident, according to a Gallup Poll survey conducted during the last four days in June. Fifty-two percent of those questioned approved of the way Mr. Ford was handling his job, 33% disapproved and 15% had no opinion. In a survey conducted soon after the President had ordered U.S. forces to recapture the U.S. cargo ship Mayaguez after it had been seized by a Cambodian gunboat in the Gulf of Thailand, 51% approved, 33% disapproved and 16% had no opinion. A survey taken shortly before the incident gave Mr. Ford 40% approval.
Medicaid recipients are at least twice as likely to undergo surgery as the general population, a study by the staff of a House commerce subcommittee said, but a Medicaid official disputed the findings. The study concluded that much of the additional surgery undergone by Medicaid patients was unnecessary, but it did not say how much was unnecessary or why Medicaid patients had more surgery. Dr. M. Keith Weikel, head of the Medical Services Administration for the Department of Health, Education and Welfare, complained to the subcommittee staff that its statistical base was wrong, leading to erroneous conclusions. The subcommittee had received replies to a questionnaire from 26 states and had completed three days of hearings on unnecessary surgery.
President Ford has authorized emergency use of poison to control coyotes and other predators on federal land on an experimental one-year basis despite pleas from environmentalists. The action modified a 1972 ban imposed by former President Richard M. Nixon. Pressure for use of poison has been growing among sheep farmers who say their stock is being wiped out. An environmentalist group met with Mr. Ford in Cincinnati in June urging the President to maintain the ban on the grounds that poison also will kill other wildlife. White House Press Secretary Ron Nessen said the President believes the one-year use is a moderate approach.
Congress was asked by the Ford Administration to appropriate an extra $279.1 million for the new Energy Research and Development Administration. The Office of Management and Budget, in a letter released by the White House, said the money was needed “to ensure a strong, balanced energy research and development program, to improve safeguards for nuclear weapons and materials, to maintain uranium enrichment production and provide for new contractual arrangements for uranium enrichment customers.”
The United States Civil Rights Commission, in its report this week urging the formation of a new and comprehensive agency to protect the job rights of minorities, proposed a number of interim moves to improve federal enforcement of present laws against employment discrimination. “While we believe that a National Employment Rights Board is necessary,” said Arthur S. Flemming, chairman of the commission, “nothing prohibits interim steps, many of which could be taken by the President by issuing executive orders.”
Postal union leaders said today that they would be willing to extend the contract to avoid a mail strike if satisfactory progress was made in negotiations before the deadline of midnight tomorrow. Both sides were eager to avoid a walkout and the union leaders urged postal workers to report to work as scheduled Monday unless they received different instructions from the leadership. “If certain things can be accomplished by Sunday, I think the unions will agree to a short extension of the contract,” said Francis Filbey, president of the 250,000‐member American Postal Workers Union, the largest of four involved in the talks.
The U.S. Army experimented with several powerful types of hallucinogenic drugs on servicemen besides LSD in tests that may have lasted as late as 1973, according to researchers who handled the drugs at Edgewood Arsenal in Maryland. Dr. Gerald Klee, a Baltimore psychiatrist who was involved in the tests between 1956 and 1959, said he knew of one serviceman who required psychiatric hospitalization for two weeks after being exposed to a type of hallucinogen known as an anticholinergic. A second researcher who asked that he not be named said he knew of no deaths resulting from any experiment at Edgewood. “No one has ever been made severely ill,” he said. “and there has been no long-term damage.”
A contract agreement, reached four minutes before a strike deadline, put Northwest Airlines planes back on normal schedule. The line’s 1,550 pilots had been working without a contract since July, 1974. The new contract raises the average pilot’s salary by 34% to $45,600. Robert Razanka, a spokesman for the Air Line Pilots Association, said agreement on salaries had been reached long ago but disability benefits and the pension plan had remained in dispute. The pilots struck for 90 minutes early Thursday, affecting six flights in Detroit and Chicago, but returned to work after progress was reported in negotiations.
Only emergency calls were accepted by about 150 Albuquerque police supervisors and non-striking patrolmen, exhausted after an 84-hour work-week, as federal mediators renewed efforts to end a week-long strike. A police dispatcher said persons involved in domestic quarrels had to work them out themselves and motorists involved in minor accidents were being asked to file reports at police stations. In an apparent show of support for the more than 300 striking city officers, about 60 of 140 sheriff’s deputies in surrounding Bernalillo County called in sick for the second day. Representatives of the city and the strikers have formed a fact-finding board to recommend solutions.
Five lawsuits totaling about $2.5 billion have been filed against Lockheed Aircraft Corp. in connection with the C-5A cargo jet crash that killed more than 200 persons, most of them Vietnamese orphans, near Saigon last April, Lockheed records disclosed. The suits were filed during May and June in California, Illinois, New York and the District of Columbia, according to Lockheed documents submitted to the Securities and Exchange Commission. The actual amount of the suits is probably substantially less than $2.5 billion “since plaintiffs in each of the class-action suits purport to represent all others,” Lockheed said.
The American Medical Association several years ago joined the Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association in a secret, successful drive to kill a bill aimed at reducing the costs of drugs, according to confidential A.M.A. documents. Though both groups had publicly declared their opposition to the legislation, the existence of the joint lobbying effort by the organizations representing the nation’s doctors and drug makers was not known. The object of the attack was an amendment to the Social Security Act offered by Senator Russell B. Long, Democrat of Louisiana, that would have established a list of approved drugs and appropriate prices that could be prescribed for persons receiving medical service through Medicare or Medicaid programs.
Military reservists spend about half their time — and about $1.2‐billion a year — in lectures about haircuts and other pursuits not related to their military duties, according to Congressional investigators. The Defense Department agreed that idleness was a problem, but said that many other difficulties uncovered by the General Accounting Office during late 1973 and early 1974 were being corrected. The G.A.O. is the auditing and investigatory arm of Congress. Reservists are required by law to attend 48 four‐hour drill sessions and spend two weeks on active duty each year. In fiscal 1974, 894.000 reservists were being trained to back up regular troops In case of emergency.
Despite inflation, record high gasoline prices and the worst unemployment rate since the Great Depression, more Americans are traveling this summer to vacations in the national parks and at the seashores and resorts than last year.
Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Band (named for a street in Belmar, New Jersey) completed the recording of the classic rock album “Born to Run.”
Major League Baseball:
Paul Mitchell posted his first major league victory in the first game and Ross Grimsley, with help from Jim Palmer in the ninth inning, won the second game as the Orioles defeated the Athletics in a twi-night doubleheader, 3–2 and 5–1. This was the first time the A’s had lost both ends of a twin bill since bowing in a pair with the Twins September 20, 1973. They had played 14 doubleheaders since then without losing both games. Mitchell held the Athletics to five hits but fell behind, 2–1, when Reggie Jackson homered in the fourth inning, but the Orioles came to the rescue of the rookie in their half. Lee May homered to tie the score, Don Baylor walked, stole second and scored the deciding run on a single by Brooks Robinson. In the nightcap, the Orioles started their scoring with a homer by Ken Singleton in the third inning and then erupted for four runs in the fourth. A bases-loaded single by Elrod Hendricks accounted for two tallies. Palmer replaced Grimsley after the A’s filled the sacks with one out in the ninth and saved the game by inducing Sal Bando to ground into a double play.
The Yankees completed the suspended game of July 12 with an 8–7 victory in the 16th inning, but the Twins came back to win the regularly-scheduled contest, 2–1, on the four-hit pitching of Jim Hughes and two-run double by Danny Thompson. The game of July 12 was transferred from New York after being stopped by a 1 a.m. curfew after 14 innings with the score tied, 6–6. After play resumed, the Twins took the lead in the 16th when Rod Carew singled, stole second and scored on a single by Tom Lundstedt. The Yankees then rallied to win in their half. Roy White and Thurman Munson singled and, after Fred Stanley forced Munson, Graig Nettles singled to drive in White and Lou Piniella singled to score Stanley. Yankee catcher Thurman Munson’s first-inning single and RBI against the Twins in the scheduled game are nullified because the tar on his bat handle exceeds the 18–inch limit. Catcher Glenn Borgmann gets the putout.
Getting shutout pitching from Rick Wise, the red-hot Red Sox breezed to their 10th straight victory, defeating the Rangers, 8–0. After Cecil Cooper opened the scoring with a homer in the second inning, the Red Sox put the game away with six runs in the sixth. Denny Doyle capped the outburst, hitting for the circuit with two men on base. The Sox are 6 ½ games ahead of the Brewers.
The first grand-slam homer of Pat Kelly’s entire baseball career powered the White Sox to a 4–2 victory over the Brewers. Bill Melton was safe on an error in the second inning and, after two out, Jerry Hairston singled and Brian Downing walked to fill the sacks for Kelly’s smash off Bill Travers. George Scott accounted for one of the Brewers’ runs with a homer. Rich Gossage, who relieved with two men on base in the sixth, finished the game and received credit for his 14th save of the season.
Aurelio Rodriguez hit the first grand slam of his major league career as the Tigers rallied for five runs in the sixth inning to defeat the Royals, 10–8. The Tigers, who were trailing, 7–4, began their outburst with a run on a double by Ben Oglivie and single by Willie Horton. A single by Jack Pierce and pass to Leon Roberts followed to load the bases and chase Marty Pattin. Doug Bird relieved and on his first pitch Rodriguez hit his homer. Gary Sutherland and Roberts also homered for the Tigers during the game. The Royals had a three-run smash by Al Cowens and a solo shot by Bob Stinson.
The Angels, after winning the first game of a twi-night doubleheader, 8–0, behind the five-hit pitching of Frank Tanana, completed the sweep by defeating the Indians in the second game, 3–2, in 10 innings. Ellie Rodriguez had three hits for the Angels in the opener and drove in three runs. In the nightcap, the Indians counted a run in the seventh inning on a double by Rick Manning, a passed ball and sacrifice fly by George Hendrick. After Mike Miley homered to tie the score in the eighth, the Angels broke the deadlock with two runs in the 10th on a triple by Mickey Rivers, error by Jack Brohamer on a grounder by Dave Collins, walk to Dave Chalk and single by Winston Llenas. The Indians fell short in their half, scoring once on singles by Frank Duffy, Brohamer and Manning before Chuck Hockenberry relieved and struck out Hendrick to end the game.
Bobby Murcer homered with a man on base in the first inning and Willie Montanez batted in two runs with a single in the third to lead the Giants to a 5–2 victory over the Cardinals. After Murcer hit his round-tripper behind a single by Derrel Thomas, the Cards picked up their runs on doubles by Lou Brock, Willie Davis and Ted Simmons in the third before the Giants came back with a pair on a bases-loaded single by Montanez. Lynn McGlothen and Mike Garman, who pitched for the Cardinals, walked nine batters, six of them intentionally. Thomas and Murcer each have three hits as they score all 5 runs for the Giants. Dave Radar has no at bats as he walks 4 times, three intentionally.
Tom Seaver, who struck out six batters to raise his career total to 1,999, gained his 14th victory of the season when the Mets defeated the Braves, 5–4. Ed Kranepool drove in three runs for the Mets, who took a 5-2 lead in the seventh inning when John Stearns was hit by a pitch, Seaver grounded out, Wayne Garrett doubled and Kranepool singled. As a result, Seaver was able to survive a two-run homer by Mike Lum in the eighth.
A bases-loaded single by Nate Colbert in the eighth inning drove in two runs and gave the Expos a 4–2 victory over the Reds. Joe Morgan homered for the Reds in the eighth to tie the score at 2–2 before the Expos began their half with a single by Pete Mackanin and sacrifice by Gary Carter. Will McEnaney, relieving Pedro Borbon, walked Jose Morales intentionally. Carter then singled to load the bases before Colbert won the game with his hit.
Pitching his first major league shutout, Larry Christenson was able to beat the Astros, 1–0, when the Phillies scored off Larry Dierker in the fourth inning on singles by Mike Schmidt and Garry Maddox and a sacrifice fly by Johnny Oates.
Throwing errors by Steve Garvey and Tom Paciorek after Mario Mendoza bunted in the ninth inning enabled the Pirates to score two unearned runs to defeat the Dodgers, 5–3. Manny Sanguillen opened the stanza with a single off Mike Marshall. Mendoza followed with his bunt for a sacrifice and when Garvey threw the ball into right field, Sanguillen reached third. Paciorek, who fielded the errant throw, then fired wildly to second base, allowing Sanguillen to score. Mendoza took second and, after a sacrifice by Dave Giusti, scored an insurance run on a sacrifice fly by Rennie Stennett.
The Padres were held to only one hit but profited from the wildness of Steve Stone, who walked five batters in the sixth inning, to defeat the Cubs, 2–1. Stone started his downfall by walking Dave Freisleben and Johnny Grubb on eight straight pitches. After a sacrifice by Tito Fuentes, Gene Locklear was handed an intentional pass to load the bases. Dave Winfield walked to force in the first run. Willie McCovey popped up, but Mike Ivie drew Stone’s fifth free ticket of the inning, forcing in the Padres’ deciding tally. Grubb singled in the seventh for their only hit. Freisleben, in winning, ended his personal six-game losing streak. As an oddity of the game, the Cubs’ run in the second also was forced home on a pass to Jerry Morales with the bases loaded.
Oakland Athletics 2, Baltimore Orioles 3
Oakland Athletics 1, Baltimore Orioles 5
Milwaukee Brewers 2, Chicago White Sox 4
California Angels 8, Cleveland Indians 0
California Angels 3, Cleveland Indians 2
Kansas City Royals 8, Detroit Tigers 10
Pittsburgh Pirates 5, Los Angeles Dodgers 3
New York Yankees 1, Minnesota Twins 2
Cincinnati Reds 2, Montreal Expos 4
Atlanta Braves 4, New York Mets 5
Houston Astros 0, Philadelphia Phillies 1
Chicago Cubs 1, San Diego Padres 2
St. Louis Cardinals 2, San Francisco Giants 5
Boston Red Sox 8, Texas Rangers 0
Born:
Kinnon Tatum, NFL linebacker (Carolina Panthers), in Fayetteville, North Carolina.
Heather Armstrong ‘Queen of the Mommy bloggers’, American web writer (Dooce blog), in Memphis, Tennessee (d. 2023)
Died:
William “Lefty” Frizzell, 47, American country singer and songwriter (“If You’ve Got the Money (I’ve Got the Time)”; “Saginaw, Michigan”), died of a stroke.
Winifred Ashby, 95, British-born American pathologist.
U.S. Navy Admiral Charles A. Pownall, 87, who served from 1946 to 1949 as the last U.S. Military Governor of Guam.
History Diaries 