The United States’ strategic nuclear forces consist of a bomber first produced 30 years ago, land-based missiles about 20 years of age and submarine missiles of marginal accuracy. Within the next few years, these legs of the “strategic triad” will be splinted with powerful new generations of nuclear weapons. The process has been painfully slow, but a strategic modernization program mostly initiated by President Carter and vigorously pursued and expanded by President Reagan is beginning to change the building blocks military planners use to plot the course of a possible nuclear war. Although some parts will come much sooner, within seven years the United States will probably have these things:
— A two-bomber strategic air arm designed to be able to penetrate the Soviet Union well into the 21st century, despite expected improvements in Soviet air defenses.
— A supposedly invulnerable fleet of missile-launching submarines and a force of land-based intercontinental missiles with better, if imperfect, survivability.
— A substantially improved ability to destroy targets built to resist the effects of nuclear weapons, such as Soviet missile silos and command bunkers. To the relief of some thinkers, however, the United States will apparently not have a reliable capacity to disarm its adversary with a surprise blow – a first strike, in military jargon.
— An improved, if still alarmingly fragile, military nervous system of communications to use and control these weapons and to help decision makers survive the first hours of a nuclear conflict. One example, among scores in a complex program, is an embryonic but growing network of new communications relay stations meant to bypass vulnerable telephone systems.
Administration officials provided details today of an “understanding” signed last month by the United States and the Soviet Union in which the two superpowers agreed to consult by way of the Moscow-Washington hot line in case of a nuclear explosion or a threat by a third party. The purpose of the new measure, the officials said, is to prevent a war from starting because of a misunderstanding. It elaborates on a 1971 Soviet-American agreement on measures for reducing the risk of nuclear war.
The Soviet leader Mikhail S. Gorbachev suggested today that Moscow and Washington make a binding reaffirmation of their commitment to the antiballistic missile treaty. Mr. Gorbachev said the 1972 ABM treaty, which has come under criticism in the United States, was “the key link of the entire process of nuclear arms limitation.” In a letter to American scientists, carried by the official press agency Tass, Mr. Gorbachev said Washington’s “Star Wars” plan to develop a space-based missile defense system “would invariably lead to the breakup of that document.” “Strategic stability and trust would, no doubt, be strengthened,” he said, “if the United States agreed together with the U.S.S.R. in a binding form to reaffirm its commitment to the regime of the treaty on the limitation of antiballistic missile systems.”
An unmanned submarine found several large pieces of the Air-India Boeing 747 that crashed into the Atlantic Ocean southwest of Ireland June 23. A panel believed to contain recording devices that may hold clues about what destroyed the plane was among the chunks of debris found on a four-mile stretch of the ocean floor by the remote-controlled submarine. The pieces included parts of the cabin, galley and tail, and what appear to bodies of some of the 329 victims. One of the pieces found, a panel bearing the slogan “Your Palace in the Sky,” is thought to hold the flight recorders. Those investigating the crash say they believe the two recording devices, which monitored the airliner’s operating systems and recorded the voices of its crew, may hold vital clues as to whether the plane was destroyed by a bomb, or whether the crash was caused by some structural failure or human error.
A British Airways Boeing 737 made an emergency landing in Dinard, France today because of warnings that a bomb had been planted on board, the police said. The aircraft, on a flight from Gatwick Airport in London to the Spanish city of Malaga, landed late this afternoon at the airport in the Breton city near the English Channel. Officials said all 79 people aboard were evacuated by emergency slides. A British security squad, flown in from London, began searching the aircraft late today, but initial reports said nothing suspicious had been found.
A van packed with explosives blew up at a checkpoint on the Irish border today, wounding seven people, including three policemen. The Irish Republican Army took responsibility. A police spokesman said two civilians were seriously wounded and five others hospitalized in the attack at the roadside checkpoint about 100 yards from the border on the outskirts of the town of Strabane, 60 miles west of Belfast.
The Conservative Party finished third in a by-election in Wales. Richard Livsey, a Liberal, won a narrow victory over Richard Willey of Labor and the Tory candidate got only 27.7 percent of the vote, giving a political shock to Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher. Mr. Livsey’s triumph gave a sorely needed boost to the Liberal-Social Democratic Alliance, which needs continuing by-election victories to lend credence to its assertion that it should be taken seriously as a third major force in British politics. It was a good showing too for the recently rejuvenated Labor Party, which did not count Brecon and Radnor among the seats it was likely to win. It is among the most agricultural areas in the country, and Labor has had little appeal for farmers.
Spain’s new Cabinet was sworn in today amid widespread assertions that Prime Minister Felipe Gonzalez had been politically weakened by a dispute over the Government shake-up. King Juan Carlos administered the oath to the 15-member Cabinet, which includes new leaders for six ministries, in a brief ceremony. Newspapers, foreign diplomats and many political leaders from the right to the left said today that the Cabinet changes, designed to strengthen the Socialist Government, had backfired, at least temporarily. They said Mr. Gonzalez, who has been Prime Minister for two and a half years, had allowed a minor Government facelift to develop into a showdown that ended in the rancorous departure of two leading figures, Foreign Minister Fernando Moran and Economy Minister Miguel Boyer.
The U.S. Government has failed to win firm backing so far for its effort to enlist international support for closing down Beirut International Airport. The American plan has provoked a wave of protest among Arab nations, and today a delegation said to represent all Arab countries asked the State Department to reconsider the action. The Lebanese Government, in a letter to the United Nations Secretary General, said the plan was “out of proportion” to the harm done by the hijacking. Some State Department officials said the plan to “isolate” the airport, announced last Monday afternoon, had been pushed through by the White House to show that the United States was going to take some action in retaliation for the hijacking of Trans World Airlines Flight 847. The 39 remaining passengers and crew from that plane were freed on Sunday. One State Department official, commenting on the lack of support from West European allies, said “the silence is deafening.”
North Korea agreed today to preliminary contacts between South and North Korean legislators on July 23, the South Korean National Assembly announced. The North Korean response was contained in a letter delivered and signed by Yang Hyon Sop, chairman of the North Korean Supreme People’s Assembly, the announcement said. The letter was in reply to a South Korean proposal made last Friday for a preliminary meeting attended by a nine-member political delegation from each side, consisting of five lawmakers representing various parties and four aides. The North said it would send the proposed delegation to the conference room of the Neutral Nations Supervisory Commission at the truce village of Panmunjom at 10 AM on July 23, the South Korean assembly said.
As promised by the Communist Party last October, urban Chinese will get pay increases this month in changes intended to reward hard work and talent. The official New China News Agency said today that nearly 20 million state workers would receive raises under a new “structural wage system” based on four parts. All Government personnel will get the same basic wage, topped by a duty wage based on specific jobs and responsibilities and bonuses based on length of service and distinguished performance. The average wage for urban Chinese last year was $334. Party leaders earn about $174 a month. A party document on October 20, promised urban wage and price restructuring in 1985 to build market forces into China’s state-planned economy and reflect differences in work.
The Honduran Army today turned over to West German diplomats a West German woman captured June 14 by Indian rebels in Nicaragua. The woman, Eva Regine Schemann, an ecologist working for the Nicaraguan Government, was captured by a unit of the Misura guerrilla group near the isolated Caribbean town of Puerto Cabezas, about 180 miles northeast of Managua near the Honduran border. Miss Schemann was released on the Honduran-Nicaraguan border to Honduran Army troops, who then turned her over to West German diplomats at the main Honduran air base outside the capital of Tegucigalpa, the army announced.
Loyal troops foiled a coup against Colonel Lansana Conte, the President of Guinea. The troops conducted a house-to-house search in Conakry, the capital, to find the former Prime Minister who tried to seize control of the West African country while the President was out of the country.Conte, 51 years old, who came to power in a coup in April 1984, flew home to a rapturous welcome today. He had been in Lome, Togo, for a meeting of the 16-nation Economic Community of West African States, of which he is chairman. Checkpoints were set up on all roads leading out of Conakry and the official radio urged Guineans to denounce “enemies of the country” after an unsuccessful attempt by a former Prime Minister, Col. Diarra Traore, to overthrow the President while he was out of the country.
The party of Prime Minister Robert Mugabe took a solid lead today in Zimbabwe’s first general election since the country gained independence in 1980, and it appeared that he would gain the clear majority he and political analysts had been predicting. But the party of Joshua Nkomo, Mr. Mugabe’s main rival, was winning decisively in Mr. Nkomo’s stronghold of Matabeleland, underscoring the deep ethnic, geographic and political divisions remaining in this southern African nation. [Late returns indicated that Mr. Mugabe’s party had taken 57 seats to 12 for Mr. Nkomo’s group, Reuters reported. Results were not yet available for 10 seats, and voting in one constituency was put off because of a candidate’s death.] About three million blacks voted in the four-day election.
A medical panel ruled that two white physicians in South Africa who examined the black activist Steve Biko before his death were guilty of improper conduct. The panel also said one of the doctors displayed “disgraceful behavior” while treating Mr. Biko during his detention. Mr. Biko, leader of the black consciousness movement in South Africa, was the most prominent black activist to die in police custody in recent years, and he is viewed by many blacks as a martyr in the fight against white minority rule. The finding by a panel made up of a Supreme Court judge and five doctors of South Africa’s Medical and Dental Council, the body that oversees the country’s medical and dental practices, came after a long series of hearings. Its conclusion seemed to confirm the accusations of black activists and other physicians that Mr. Biko was suffering from brain damage when the two doctors allowed him to be taken 800 miles, naked and manacled in the back of a Land-Rover, from Port Elizabeth to Pretoria. He died the next day.
The unemployment rate held steady at 7.2 percent in June for the fifth straight month, the government reported. The figure, which covers civilian and military employment, is one of several recent signs that declining interest rates have yet to reinvigorate the economy. The overall jobless rate, including military personnel, stood at 7.2 percent, with the number of unemployed at 8,413,000, the same number as in May. The civilian unemployment rate, which excludes the military, was also unchanged last month at 7.3 percent. Total employment in June was 108,072,000, with 106,370,000 civilians and 1,702,000 in the armed forces.
President Reagan travels to Camp David for the weekend.
The Reagan Administration today announced an additional reduction in Medicare spending, amounting to what it said would be more than $225 million. The savings would be achieved through new limits on payments for medical education and home health care. In regulations published in the Federal Register, the Department of Health and Human Services imposed a freeze on payments under Medicare for subsidizing the education of interns and residents at teaching hospitals. The change will save $125 million next year, the agency said.
Warren E. Burger, Chief Justice of the United States, has cleared the way Wednesday for sweeping new rules for Federal employment that would eliminate seniority rights for thousands of Government workers. Chief Justice Burger, at the Reagan Administration’s request, lifted a lower court order preventing the rules adopted by the Office of Personnel Management from taking effect.
Construction stopped last Sunday at the Bath Iron Works complex in Bath, Maine. Production workers went out on strike three months after the shipyard had won a multibillion-dollar Navy contract. At issue is the company demand that the union accept a new entry-level pay class of $3 an hour less than at present. Company officials say that that the Navy contract was bid on the basis of lower wage and benefit costs than the company now pays.
Arnold R. Pinkney, the manager of the Rev. Jesse Jackson’s 1984 campaign for the Democratic Party’s Presidential nomination, was placed on a year’s probation today and was ordered to perform 60 hours of community service for his conviction for having an unlawful interest in a public contract. Judge Robert H. Gorman of Cuyahoga County Common Pleas Court sentenced Mr. Pinkney to an 18-month prison term but suspended it on condition that he perform the community service and repay $1,000 to the Cleveland-Cuyahoga County Port Authority.
The Defense Department today announced the appointment of James P. Wade Jr., a physicist and longtime Pentagon executive, to be Assistant Secretary of Defense for aquisition and logistics. The new job was created by a reorganization last January and is expected to be one of the most visible and trying posts in the Pentagon. It will include overall responsiblity for managing the purchase of weapons and overseeing military installations at a time when the military has been under intense scrutiny for the price and quality of the weapons it buys.
A jury in Federal District Court found three black voting rights activists not guilty today of charges of voting fraud brought by the Justice Department. The jury of seven blacks and five whites deliberated for about four hours. Applause broke out in the courtroom as the jury returned not guilty verdicts for Albert Turner, his wife, Evelyne, and Spencer Hogue Jr., all of Marion in rural Perry County. All three are active in behalf of voting rights for blacks. The defense accused the government of conducting a “witch hunt.”
A large number of Americans drink tap water that is contaminated with significant levels of lead, according to data compiled by a private company that tests water. Samples of public water supplies at sites around the country by the concern, the WaterTest Corporation, indicate that 6 percent of all community water systems deliver water containing more than 25 parts of lead per billion parts of water at the tap, according to the company’s president, Gene Rosov. The Environmental Protection Agency’s standard for controlling lead in water is well above that level, at 50 parts per billion. However, Joseph Cotruvo, director of the environmental agency’s drinking water standards division, said that the agency was planning to issue new standards soon for lead and for other metals that could leach into drinking water, including copper. He said that the new lead standard had not yet been decided on, but he noted that the National Academy of Sciences had recommended a level of no more than 25 parts of lead per billion parts of water to protect public health.
Nearly 700 flight attendants hired by United Airlines in a four-week pilots’ strike honored by flight attendants will remain on the payroll under a new agreement. The accord between United and the Association of Flight Attendants was reached Wednesday. The status of United pilot trainees who honored the picket lines remains unresolved. Most of the 10,000 union flight attendants at United refused to work in the pilots’ strike but returned when the pilots did, though their back-to-work issues were not resolved. Under terms of the agreement, all flight attendants who honored the pilots’ picket lines will be returned to service by Sept. 1, said David Pringle, a United vice president. The agreement also provides that about 250 flight attendants who were moved to other cities after the strike will return to their home bases by the end of the year, according to the union. Meanwhile, according to the Reuters news agency, United Airlines reported that its traffic in June was 71.1 percent lower than it was in June 1984 because of the pilots’ strike.
Supermarkets in three states have stopped selling watermelons as an investigation into pesticide-tainted melons that sickened at least 72 people focused today on growers in two California counties. The watermelons were recalled in California, Oregon and Washington after they were linked to the illnesses. Alaska officials today ordered California melons off store shelves and food-sellers in British Columbia were voluntarily removing their stocks of California and Arizona melons after additional illnesses were reported. Traces of the pesticide aldicarb sulphoxide were found in melons two Kern County growers, according to Kenneth Kizer, director of California’s Department of Heath Services. He declined to identify the growers. He said the pesticide was not meant to be used on watermelons. Many suffered profuse sweating and tremors, muscle cramps and twitching, as well as nausea, vomiting and blurry vision, Mr. Kizer said.
Researchers at Emory University’s Yerkes Primate Center say they have transplanted fetal brain cells into the brains of monkeys suffering from Parkinson’s disease, alleviating its devastating symptoms. Scientists have previously succeeded in transplanting brain cells into rats. Dr. Roy A. E. Bakay, a neurosurgeon who performed the monkey brain transplants, said Thursday that it might be several years before a similar procedure could be tried in humans. But he said the new research would help in finding a successful treatment for Parkinson’s disease, a chronic, often agonizing disorder that causes severe tremors and muscular weakness.
Scattered lupines and fireweed crop up, but the most plentiful creatures on Mount St. Helens’s slopes and craters are too small to see without a microscope. Because of its bountiful supply of hot, oxygen-depleted water, Mount St. Helens is the most productive place on earth for the bacteria Legionella pneumophila, according to Mike Glass, a microbiologist with the Washington State Department of Social and Health Services. Researchers have found several new forms of the bacteria, two of which have been designated Sainthelensi and Spiritensis. In sprayed water the bacteria can cause the sometimes fatal Legionnaires’ disease, but Mr. Glass said none of the researchers had caught it. In the early 1980’s, though, he said, “we had an outbreak of a mild respiratory disease among several investigators that resembled Pontiac fever, which is a secondary, self-limiting form of Legionnaires’ disease.”
A new crop of children will soon be expanding the school-age population, new Census Bureau figures indicate. They show that the nation’s preschool population grew by 9 percent from 1980 to 1984 as the huge generation of postwar baby boomers moved into the prime years for childbearing. The report said there were 17.8 million preschool children in 1984, with all but six states posting increases.
Kevin Curren, who was seeded eighth, advanced to his first Wimbledon final, routing Jimmy Connors, 6–2, 6–2, 6–1, serving 17 aces and adding 20 service winners. It followed his straight-set triumph against John McEnroe on Wednesday, another overpowering performance.
Major League Baseball:
The Mets won a marathon game that began last night by scoring five runs in the 19th inning to beat the Braves, 16–13, in Atlanta. The game took 6 hours 10 minutes to complete and ended at 3:55 AM for the latest-finishing game ever.
Rick Aguilera was already in bed and fast asleep when the Mets finished their 19-inning marathon game with the Braves early this morning. He didn’t even know who won until his roommate, fellow pitcher Sid Fernandez, returned to the hotel room and told him. Aguilera needed his rest because he was the Mets’ pitcher this evening. His performance was swift and efficient, a complete game that lifted the Mets to a 6–1 victory, their fourth in a row coming on the heels of six consecutive losses. “The team needed this,” said the 23-year-old Aguilera, “and I needed it just as much.” Dave Johnson, the Mets’ manager, was hoping for a complete game after using his entire bullpen in the extra-inning, 16–13 decision that ended at 3:55 AM today. He got it. Aguilera had three walks and four strikeouts, and the only run he allowed was unearned. He got the game over quickly, taking just 2 hours 40 minutes to finish. The Mets scored all their runs by the third inning, forcing Pascual Perez, the Atlanta starter, out of the game in the second.
At Wrigley Field, the first three hitters in the Cubs’ announced batting order are Billy Hatcher, Davey Lopes, and Ryne Sandberg. After Hatcher walks, Lopes takes a strike before someone in the Cubs’ dugout sees that the lineup card submitted to the umpire has Sandberg listed second and Lopes third. Sandberg then finishes the at-bat (during which Hatcher is picked off) and singles. Lopes, hitting in his proper turn, doubles Sandberg home. All for naught as the Giants beat them, 12–6. Bob Brenly and Manny Trillo hit two-run singles in a seven-run seventh inning and Chris Brown added a two-run homer in the eighth to lead San Francisco. Brenly and Brown each had three runs batted in, and Brown had four of the Giants’ 17 hits in the game. Vida Vida Blue (5–2) was the winner though he worked only the first five innings and left with a 3–2 lead.
At Three Rivers, the Padres plate a pair of runs in the 12th to take a 4–2 lead over the Pirates, but the Bucs storm back with 3 runs to win, 5–4. Garry Templeton is given 4 intentional walks in the game.
Kevin Bass launches two solo homers to pace a 4–2 triumph over Montreal. Jose Cruz drives in the other two runs to set a new franchise mark for RBIs (783), since broken by Jeff Bagwell. Mike Scott (7–4) gave up seven hits over seven innings for the Astros, who broke a seven-game home losing streak. Ron Mathis pitched two hitless innings for his first save. Mickey Mahler (1–3) was the loser.
Pedro Guerrero and R. J. Reynolds each tripled in the seventh inning as the Los Angeles Dodgers scored twice to break a 1–1 tie and beat the St. Louis Cardinals, 4–1, tonight. Jerry Reuss, Tom Niedenfuer and Ken Howell combined to hold the Cardinals to four hits and four walks. Niedenfuer (3–2) relieved in the sixth inning before Los Angeles broke through against Danny Cox (9–4). Howell pitched the ninth for his seventh save.
Glenn Wilson tied the game with a double and John Russell hit a two-run home run, highlighting a four-run seventh inning that rallied Philadelphia to a 5–2 victory over the Reds. The Phillies were trailing, 2–1, against Tom Browning (7–6), who had retired 14 batters in a row, when they erupted for their game-winning rally. Mike Schmidt, whose first-inning home run gave the Phillies a 1–0 lead, opened the seventh with a single. Wilson’s double scored Schmidt and made it 2–2. Ozzie Virgil then grounded to the third baseman Nick Esasky, who threw wildly, allowing Wilson to score the go-ahead run and Virgil to reach second. An out later, Russell slammed his second home run of the season over the left-field fence.
Alan Wiggins drove in a run, stole a base and scored in his American League debut as the Baltimore Orioles defeated the error-plagued Kansas City Royals, 6–3, tonight. Wiggins, who helped spark San Diego to the National League pennant last year, was traded to Baltimore last week, after undergoing drug rehab for the second time. Wiggins would never really recapture the form of the past two seasons, however, and continued to be plagued with off-the-field problems. By 1988 he was out of baseball, and then it got worse. In November 1990, Wiggins was hospitalized with pneumonia and tuberculosis at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles. Wiggins stated that he had contracted HIV via intravenous drug use. After lapsing in and out of consciousness for a month, he died at the hospital on January 6, 1991. He became the first baseball player known to have died from AIDS.
Floating around in baseball’s sea of facts and figures is this bit of esoterica: the Yankees are almost unbeatable when Rickey Henderson scores in the first inning. Well, it happened again last night at the Stadium as the Yankees won their second straight game against the Minnesota Twins. They now are 9–1 in games in which Henderson has scored in the first inning. The score was 6–3, putting the Yankees six games over .500 for the first time all season, and Henderson had a lot more to do with it than just his leadoff double in the first inning, which triggered a three-run rally.
The White Sox topped the Indians, 8–3. Tom Seaver won his 296th game, and Greg Walker and Tim Hulett hit home runs for Chicago. Seaver (8–6) allowed six hits, struck out two and walked none in eight and a third innings. He held the Indians scoreless on three hits for eight innings, but two singles and Tony Bernazard’s three-run home run spoiled the shutout. Mike Stanton relieved Seaver after Bernazard’s home run and got the last two outs for Chicago’s second straight triumph after 11 losses in 13 games. Jerry Reed (0–1) took the loss. He yielded four runs on six hits in six innings. Cleveland has lost 40 of 54 games since May 4 and has been held scoreless the last 31 innings.
Charlie Hough pitched a five-hitter for his first victory since June 4, and Curtis Wilkerson knocked in two runs with a third-inning single to lead Texas to a 3–1 win over the Detroit Tigers. Hough (6–10) walked two and struck out four in outdueling Jack Morris (9–6), who went all the way for the Tigers, giving up nine hits and three walks while striking out three. The Rangers got all of their runs in the third inning after Bobby Jones led off with a single and advanced to third on Tommy Dunbar’s double off the wall in right-center. Wilkerson singled up the middle to score Jones and Dunbar, then stole second, advanced to third on a balk by Morris and scored on Don Slaught’s infield single.
Doug DeCinces, currently on a hitting binge after an early season slump, drove in four runs with a homer and a double as California pounded Boston, 13–4. “I’ve been working on the basics of my swing,” DeCinces said after the Angels moved out to a four-game lead in the American League West. “I’m glad to see that me and some of our other guys are getting back in the groove.” The Angels collected 14 hits off three Boston pitchers in posting their season-high for runs in a game. California’s Rod Carew had three singles to move within 26 of 3,000 career hits.
The Toronto Blue Jays downed the Oakland A’s, 8–2. Damaso Garcia had a pair of two-run singles, and Jim Clancy pitched a seven-hitter at Oakland as the Blue Jays increased their lead in the East to 3 ½ games. Dave Kingman led off the Oakland fourth with his 20th home run of the season and the 397th of his career. It was also the 800th run he has scored. It was the third win in a row for Clancy, whose record improved to 5–4.
Seattle’s Domingo Ramos was awe-stricken when he was allowed to hit with the bases loaded in the bottom of the 11th inning against Milwaukee. “I was kind of surprised,” said Ramos, who lined a single to center to score Gorman Thomas and lift the Mariners to a 7–6 victory over the Brewers. “I kept looking at the bench as I was walking to the plate and I thought, ‘Oh, he’s (manager Chuck Cottier) going to let me hit.’ I’m glad he did.” So were the Mariners, who have won three in a row and 12 of their last 14 games.
New York Mets 6, Atlanta Braves 1
Boston Red Sox 4, California Angels 13
San Francisco Giants 12, Chicago Cubs 6
Chicago White Sox 8, Cleveland Indians 3
Montreal Expos 2, Houston Astros 4
Baltimore Orioles 6, Kansas City Royals 3
Minnesota Twins 3, New York Yankees 6
Toronto Blue Jays 8, Oakland Athletics 2
Cincinnati Reds 2, Philadelphia Phillies 5
San Diego Padres 4, Pittsburgh Pirates 5
Milwaukee Brewers 6, Seattle Mariners 7
Los Angeles Dodgers 4, St. Louis Cardinals 1
Detroit Tigers 1, Texas Rangers 3
Dow Jones Industrial Average: 1334.45 (+8.06)
Born:
Megan Rapinoe, American women’s soccer midfielder (Olympic gold medal, 2012; bronze medal, 2020), in Redding, California.
Alexandre Picard, Canadian NHL defenseman (Philadelphia Flyers, Tampa Bay Lightning, Ottawa Senators, Carolina Hurricanes, Montreal Canadiens, Pittsburgh Penguins), in Gatineau, Quebec, Canada.
Nick O’Malley, British indie rock musician (Arctic Monkeys), in Sheffield, England, United Kingdom.
Stephanie McIntosh, Australian pop singer and actress (“Neighbours”), in Malvern, Victoria, Australia.
History Diaries 