White House Press Secretary Ron Nessen said the United States retains “an option” of using strategic nuclear weapons in war. He said the option provides the nation with “a capability for flexibility in its response” to any hostile force. Last week, Defense Secretary James R. Schlesinger said the United States “cannot foreclose any option” including the use of nuclear weapons in the defense of South Korea against any invasion from the north.”
Virtual agreement on a draft accord to outlaw techniques for changing the weather for military purposes has been reached between the United States and the Soviet Union, officials in Washington said today. The document’s language was worked out in discussions in Geneva last week and is now being submitted to both governments for further study before final agreement can be announced, the officials said.
Turkey and American allies in general were warned by Secretary of State Kissinger against thinking they are “doing us a favor by remaining in an alliance with us.” This was the first substantive response to last week’s Turkish note calling for talks with Washington within 30 days and threatening implicitly to close American bases if the military-aid ban voted by Congress was not lifted. He made his remarks in Atlanta in a speech to the Southern Council on International and Public Affairs and the Atlanta Chamber of Commerce. It was one of a series Mr. Kissinger plans to deliver around the country in an effort to rebuild an American consensus on foreign policy following the United States withdrawal from Indochina.
In a special edition published in Lisbon today, the embattled Portuguese Socialist paper República said that a “top‐secret” Moscow document gave a five‐point list of instructions on how to seize power in the West. The report said the document had been signed by a Soviet Central Committee member, Boris N. Ponomarev, and was dated October, 1974. No photocopies or quotes were provided, which provoked the French Communist party to demand that the Portuguese Socialists “authenticate” the document. “Otherwise, and if as it seems clear this is a complete fabrication,” the party said, “how do they explain their behavior? French opinion awaits their answer.” The report said that it was providing “the substance” of Mr. Ponomarev’s instructions. In summary, the document ordered the following:
-The establishment of “parallel power centers outside” the central government, particularly in the “peripheral administrative” services. Any efforts at resistance by civil servants should be “crushed and attributed to putschist intentions if necessary.”
-Control of labor through the establishment of a single union movement acting “firmly against divisionists.”
-A “tactical alliance” with the armed forces. The lessons of Chile must be drawn and Communists must understand that such an alliance does not rule out an unforeseen switch to the right in the army. Therefore, “it is absolutely indispensable to eliminate all the chiefs of the security forces” and replace them with men “whose political faith is sure and solid.”
-“Remove all mass media from the enemies of the working class and all instruments of propaganda,” leading the people to accept slogans “based on the Leninist principle of repetition.”
-Act rapidly to consolidate “a government of the left.” “The destruction of the private sector [of the economy] is the first step toward eliminating an independent press.”
Pope Paul VI called on Roman Catholic dissenters to come back to the fold, telling them, “Our arms are open and our heart even more so.” In a “state of the church” address to cardinals, the 77-year-old Pontiff also said he did not know if his fight against war, birth control, abortion and mercy killing would be successful, but he said he would continue the battle “in hope against hope,” trusting in God.
Metropolitan Philaret of the Russian Orthodox Church predicted in Jerusalem that thousands of Soviet pilgrims would be coming to shrines in the Holy Land — apparently a Kremlin bid to restore diplomatic relations with Israel through offices of the Russian and Armenian Orthodox churches. Also, a delegation of Armenian patriarchs, led by His Holiness Vazken I, were welcomed to Jerusalem by the Israeli mayor, Teddy Kollek.
Amid scenes of chaos in India’s Supreme Court building, lawyers for Prime Minister Indira Ganidhi fervently appealed to the court today to let her remain in office during the coming weeks while it reviews her conviction for electoral corruption. “A political life may be ruined” if it is interrupted, N. A. Palkhiwala, one of Mrs, Gandhi’s 12 lawyers, declared in the paneled courtroom while would‐be spectators shouted at guards outside the doors. Mr. Palkhiwala argued that if the judge, V. R. Krishna Iyer, failed to postpone all the effects of the ruling, Mrs. Gandhi’s career “would suffer irreparable damage.” Calm returned eventually to the courthouse grounds as steel‐helmeted policemen armed with the long Indian riot clubs called lathis kept watch after throngs of lawyers, reporters and onlookers shoved several times past guards blocking the approaches to the courtroom.
Fighting between Khmer Rouge and rightist troops has broken out near Phnom Penh and three other large Cambodian towns, the Bangkok Post said. Quoting what it called reliable sources in the Thai border town of Aranyaprathet, the Post said about 2,000 men were fighting on the rightist side. They were reportedly led by Prince Chanrangsai, an uncle of Prince Norodom Sihanouk, the nominal head of state of Cambodia, and included soldiers of the Khmer Seri, a right-wing group.
The Pentagon told the House Armed Services Committee it did not know where the civilian crew was when it launched the air and Marine assault to recover the freighter Mayaguez last month but assumed crew members might be in three different places. It also said U.S. planes conducted 15 bombing sorties against Ream airfield and Kompong Som, naval facilities on the Cambodia mainland.
Pravda charged today that China was seeking to undermine and subvert the government of Thailand by manipulating Thailand’s large Chinese population and disrupting the country’s economy. An attack in Pravda, the Soviet party daily, clearly implied that Thailand had been staked out as the latest target of contention between Moscow and Peking in the growing struggle between the two Communist powers to fill the vacuum left by waning American influence in the Far East.
The Thai Government closed a refugee camp in southern Thailand today and transferred its 300 inhabitants to another camp near the U Taphao air base. The move was viewed here as part of efforts to keep close track of the remaining refugees from South Vietnam and Cambodia, who are becoming an increasing embarrassment as Thailand seeks to establish relations with Communist countries. The refugees from Songkhla, on the Malay Peninsula, many of whom have been in a squalid camp on the water’s edge since they landed six weeks ago, were carried by ship to Sattahip. There they joined 800 other South Vietnamese still awaiting acceptance in the United States or elsewhere.
Julia Vadala Taft, director of the Ford Administration’s Task Force on Indochina Refugees, said today that 30 percent of the 131,399 Cambodians and Vietnamese had been settled in this country since April.
The Canadian government introduced a record budget of nearly $36 billion, calling for increased personal income taxes in the upper brackets, a stiff rise of 15 cents a gallon in the price of gasoline and other measures intended to arrest a sharp dip in the economy. It reflected a reversal in the country’s bright economic outlook at the end of last year. Canadian Finance Minister John Turner announced the 15-cent-a-gallon increase in gasoline prices and a 43-cent increase per thousand cubic feet of natural gas. Turner said that despite a lack of federal-provincial unanimity, Ottawa was raising the price of oil from $6.50 to $8 a barrel, effective July 1.
Four national legislators and a merchant took part in a recent plot which the Zaire government said was master-minded by the CIA to overthrow President Mobutu Sese Seko, the government newspaper Salongo said in Kinshasa. The newspaper said it would publish the names of the five plotters and said a “certain number” of civilians already had been arrested.
Economists in Luanda say that the industrial output and general economic efficiency of Angola, once Portugal’s prize African territory, has been reduced by more than half during the guerrilla conflicts of recent months. The experts say that even though the territory’s three competing guerrilla movements signed an accord last week in Kenya — their fifth cease‐fire — it will take a long time to restore production to the levels of a year ago. At its peak, this territory of 6.5 million people, which is twice the size of Texas, had a gross national product of $4‐billion to $5‐billion. Annual exports of oil brought in $575‐million; coffee earned $154‐million, and diamonds $110‐million.
British Foreign Minister James Callaghan said tonight that he would not fly to Uganda despite President Idi Amin’s assertion that such a trip would be necessary to save the life of a British subject. Speaking at 10 PM before a crowded and silent House of Commons, Mr. Callaghan said that it was his understanding that Denis Cecil Hills, a lecturer Uganda whose unpublished writings offended President Amin, would be executed in 10 days unless the Foreign Secretary personally responded to President Amin’s demand for consultations on outstanding political differences. But Mr. Callaghan said that he would not answer General Amin’s request unless clemency for Mr. Hills was granted first, a position he first took in remarks to Parliament one week ago today. “If even now President Amin is prepared to exercise clemency, then my visit to Uganda will follow in a short time,” Mr. Callaghan said.
Marxist guerrillas who are holding two young Americans and a Dutch woman in a jungle hideout have expressed willingness to negotiate their release, Western diplomatic sources said in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. The apparent change of heart, the sources said, was indicated in letters from the students received by the American and Dutch embassies in Dar es Salaam last week. The three being held captive are Carrie Jane Hunter of Atherton, Calif., Kenneth Smith of Garden Row, California, and Emilie Bergman of Holland.
The Senate Select Committee on Intelligence and the White House resumed today their squabble about delivery of evidence for the committee’s inquiry into the United States intelligence community. Senator Frank Church, chairman of the committee, said that the committee had been unable to interrogate McGeorge Bundy, special assistant for foreign affairs in the Kennedy Administration, “because we have not yet received from the White House materials that We requested and that had been. promised and which are necessary for a thorough investigation.” Specifically, he said, these materials would have been part of the basis for interrogating Mr. Bundy. Mr. Church, an Idaho Democrat, said the appearance of the week’s list of witnesses from the Kennedy era might now be delayed.
The Supreme Court postponed any re-examination of its 1972 ruling that capital punishment is unconstitutional. A new ruling is unlikely before early 1976. Without an explanation, the Justices announced that they were putting hack on the calendar a North Carolina murder case that was argued last April for a second hearing when the Court returns from the summer recess in October. The validity of new state capital punishment laws that attempted to meet the Court’s objections remain in question, as does the fate of 287 convicted criminals condemned to death under the new state laws and court interpretations.
The executive branch must get a warrant before it can wiretap domestic organizations that are neither agents of nor collaborators with a foreign power, even where foreign affairs and national security are involved, according to a ruling by the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. The court also said that officials who conducted or ordered such warrantless wiretapping were liable for damages if they could not show that they had acted in a “good faith” belief that their action was constitutional.
An emerging major issue in Federal tax policy, namely, whether new tax incentives ought to be provided to encourage business investment in productive equipment, was squarely joined today as the House Ways and Means Committee opened hearings on tax reform. The Ford Administration, particularly Secretary of the Treasury William E. Simon, has been arguing strongly that new incentives to encourage investment are needed if the productivity of American workers and the output of the American] economy are to continue to grow. Recent growth of both investment and output has been less than in most other industrialized nations.
Several private economists may agree with the White House that the recession has bottomed out, but not AFL-CIO President George Meany. “It won’t be over till people go back to work,” he said. After a meeting with President Ford and Labor Secretary John T. Dunlop, Meany replied “no, sir” when asked if he felt the recession had ended. The President’s top economic expert, Alan Greenspan, chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers, said earlier that the “recession for all practical purposes is over.”
President Ford has no particular concern about one of his boyhood homes in Grand Rapids, Mich., a house that is rotting away in a deteriorating, predominantly black neighborhood. Press Secretary Ron Nessen said Mr. Ford had lived in eight different houses in Grand Rapids and “he doesn’t have any special feeling about the preservation of that house.” The Veterans Administration acquired the house three years ago when the owner defaulted on the loan. It was put up for sale for $11,000. There were no takers. By last August, when Mr. Ford became President, the price fell to $5,500.
More federal jobs would be opened to part-time workers under a bill that passed the Senate without dissent. Sen. John V. Tunney (D-California), the measure’s chief sponsor, said it would make thousands of jobs available for mothers, students and elderly and handicapped workers who cannot work a full 40-hour week. The bill would revise specifications for 2% of federal jobs in each of the next five years to open the positions. A companion measure introduced by Rep. Yvonne Brathwaite Burke (D-California) awaits House action.
The Federal Energy Administration decided to conduct what a spokesman termed “a sweeping in-house investigation” of charges that political pressures were exerted by New York Governor Carey and Senator John Sparkman of Alabama to obtain federal licenses in an oil deal allegedly benefiting the Governor’s brother, an oil man.
The United States Supreme Court voted, 8–0, to accept the resignation of former U.S. President Richard M. Nixon from practice before the court. In a letter dated June 10, the former President told the Court he was “not intending to practice law in the future.” The Court’s brief order today said: “The motion of Richard M. Nixon of San Clemente, Calif., to resign as a member of the bar of this Court is ranted and it is ordered that his name be stricken from the roll of attorneys admitted to practice before the bar of this Court.”
The Supreme Court struck down today as an unconstitutional interference with free speech a city ordinance making drivein-theaters criminally liable for showing films including nudity that are visible outside the theater grounds. Dividing 6 to 3, the Justices ruled that such motion pictures, while possibly offensive to some inadvertent viewers, could easily be avoided, did not necessarily corrupt children and were no more likely to stop traffic than scenes of violence or disaster.
It has decided against banning or restricting the use of aerosol sprays, despite claims they pose a potential hazard to personal health and the atmosphere, the Consumer Product Safety Commission said. Instead, it will order the aerosol industry to find a way to make valves on the cans safer by preventing them from being sprayed in the wrong direction. Officially, the commission has not reached a final decision on petitions asking for action against the aerosols, but a newsletter, the Product Safety Letter, reported and officials confirmed that the five commissioners have concluded that the valve design issue was the major action they would take.
United Airlines agreed to pay $300,000 in damages to the estate of the late wife of Watergate burglar E. Howard Hunt Jr. She died with 44 other persons when a plane crashed on December 8, 1972, in a residential area near Chicago’s Midway Airport. The executor of the estate is columnist William F. Buckley Jr. When the suit was filed in 1973, it asked for $2 million. But their lawyer said Buckley and Hunt agreed to the lesser amount because they feared “Watergate fallout” would prejudice the outcome of a jury trial. A federal board determined that the crash was caused by pilot error.
Several manufacturers sell some types of tapping and bugging devices to police departments in states where possession of such devices is illegal, even for police, according to data acquired by the National Wiretap Commission. Among records the commission examined, it found that nearly half of all the devices sold for wiretapping phones or bugging rooms go to police in states where possession of such devices is illegal. The specific law enforcement agencies that purchased the equipment were not named in the commission report. At least 19 states — including California — do not have authorizing laws.
Gasoline prices will jump to $1 a gallon if President Ford vetoes the Congressional extension of the mandatory allocations act, Senator Henry M. Jackson (D-Washington) said in Massachusetts. Predicting that Ford will veto the extension, Jackson said that when the act expires August 31 the price of a barrel of crude oil will rise to $14.40 from $5.50. He said oil companies had been cutting back on gasoline production so they can more than double prices if controls are removed.
Congress’ inactivity on exploration of offshore oil reserves was blamed by the president of the American Petroleum Institute for making the country vulnerable to another Arab oil embargo. Frank N. Ikard said domestic oil sources were dwindling, increasing U.S. reliance on Arab oil. “The sad fact is, the public seems preoccupied with other problems and a failure of Congress to take any positive action probably reinforces a view that there’s really no hurry,” he said.
A megaton-range hydrogen warhead — the second within a week — was scheduled for detonation underground, the Energy Research and Development Administration announced at Pahute Mesa, Nevada. This blast is part of a stepped-up testing effort intended to beat a time limit set by a proposed treaty with Russia that would ban such experiments, officials indicated. A similar device was touched off beneath the desert floor last Thursday. It gently rocked tall buildings in Las Vegas, 120 miles south.
The events of George Perec’s 1978 novel “Life: A User’s Manual” (“La Vie mode d’emploi”), as Peret describes each character’s fate on that date at an apartment building at 11 Rue Simon-Crubellier in Paris, shortly before 8:00 pm.
Rocker Alice Cooper falls off a stage in Vancouver, breaks 6 ribs.
U.S. Open Men’s Golf, Medinah CC: Lou Graham defeats John Mahaffey by 2 strokes in an 18-hole Monday playoff to win his only major championship.
Major League Baseball:
Johnny Bench raised his major league-leading RBI total to 61 by doubling home one run in a four-run third, and hitting a three-run homer in the seventh as the Reds rapped the Braves, 8–4. Bill Plummer, filling in behind the plate while Bench took a “breather” in the outfield, whacked a two-run homer in the third when the Reds routed rookie starter Jamie Easterly and drove in another run with a single in the sixth. Jack Billingham, staked to an 8–1 lead, got his eighth victory in 11 decisions, although needing relief help in the eighth when Atlanta rallied for three runs, two of them singled home by Mike Lum, who had hit a solo homer in the second.
At Shea, the Cardinals shut out the Mets twice. Cardinal hurlers Ron Reed and John Denny extended the Mets’ scoreless streak to 35 innings and losing streak to seven games as St. Louis swept a doubleheader, 1–0 and 4–0. Reed tossed a seven-hitter in the opener, Lou Brock scoring the game’s only run in the first when he walked, stole two bases and came home on Ron Fairly’s sacrifice fly. Denny limited New York to five hits in the second game, a scoreless duel with George Stone until pinch-hitter Ted Simmons cracked a grand-slam homer in the eighth. Stone gave up a single to Denny to open the frame. A sacrifice, walk and single by Luis Melendez filled the bases. Jon Matlack replaced Stone and Simmons, swinging for Reggie Smith who aggravated his back injury, homered into the bullpen in left, his 10th round-tripper of the season.
The Cubs collected 13 hits, got a seven-hit performance from winner Ray Burris and help from the Montreal defense in posting a 6–0 victory over the Expos. Chicago opened up a 2–0 gap in the fourth when Jerry Morales doubled, Andre Thornton followed with a single off the arm of loser Fred Scherman, who stayed in the game but wild-pitched Morales across. Thornton, who had moved to third on a double play, scored on a passed ball. Singles by Rob Sperring and Manny Trillo, an error by center fielder Pepe Mangual and single by Burris made it 4–0 in the seventh. The Cubs added their final two markers in the eighth with the help of a fourth Montreal error. Thornton singled home Bill Madlock from second and Sperring followed with an RBI triple.
The Phillies ended the Pirates’ five-game winning streak, thanks to Ollie Brown’s seventh-inning homer which snapped a tie, and gave reliever Tom Hilgendorf his first victory of the season, 6–5. Brown’s two-run double had given Philadelphia a first-inning lead. Dave Cash homered in the second, but Willie Stargell cut the lead to 3–2 in the third, driving home a pair with a double, and the Pirates took the lead in the fifth on run-producing hits by Al Oliver and Stargell. Dave Parker’s 12th homer expanded the Pittsburgh advantage to 5–3 in the sixth, but the Phils knotted the count in the home half on a walk, pinch-double by Jerry Martin, RBI single by Cash and a run-scoring passed ball.
The Astros scored all their runs in the second inning, three coming on Bob Watson’s homer, and then held off the Dodgers, 6–5. Houston’s big inning began when loser Burt Hooton walked Doug Rader. Rob Andrews, Greg Gross, Roger Metzger and Cesar Cedeno followed with singles before Watson unloaded his 10th round-tripper of the season. Los Angeles, which got single runs in the second and fifth, chased winner Dave Roberts with a three-run seventh. Two walks and an infield hit brought on reliever Joe Niekro, who was touched for singles by Ron Cey and Joe Ferguson, cutting the Houston lead to one run. Wayne Granger came on, picked Cey off third, got Steve Yeager on an infield grounder, then pitched a scoreless eighth and ninth and picked up his fifth save.
Willie McCovey, who had belted three-run homer in the first, drove home the deciding run with an infield out in the seventh as the Padres edged the Giants, 7–6. Dave Tomlin, who relieved San Diego starter Joe McIntosh in the second, when the Giants scored five to take a 6–3 lead, hurled one-hit ball for the next 5 ⅔ innings to gain the victory. The Giants led 6–4 in the bottom of the seventh when pinch-hitter Randy Hundley drew a walk. Johnny Grubb singled and Tito Fuentes plated both runners with a double to tie the score. Bobby Tolan sacrificed Fuentes to third, from where he scored the winning run on McCovey’s slow bounder to second.
Doc Medich, authoring his second complete game in his last 10 starts, stopped the Orioles on eight hits and got help from batterymate Thurman Munson, who drove in three runs as the Yankees stopped Baltimore, 6–1. New York scored three runs after two were out in the third, Roy White singling home Alex Johnson, who had doubled, then scoring himself ahead of Munson, who homered off loser Ross Grimsley. It was the 16th gopher pitch thrown this season by the Baltimore hurler. The Orioles’ only run came in the third on a single by Mark Belanger, double by Ken Singleton and infield hit by Lee May. The Yanks scored three more in the final two innings, Munson picking up his third RBI of the game with a single.
Rangers pitcher Steve Hargan throws 11 shutout innings and is matched by California’s Bill Singer. Texas manages just one hit off Singer — a 2–out double by Dave Collins in the 10th. But after Singer is lifted after 12, they put together 2 hits in the 13th to win. Cesar Tovar’s single with two out and Roy Smalley at third in the top of the 13th gave the Rangers their first run in 23 innings, but it was enough for a 1–0 victory over the Angels. Toby Harrah opened the fourth extra inning for Texas with a single. Smalley bounced to second baseman Jerry Remy, who threw out Harrah at second, but shortstop Orlando Ramirez’ relay to first bounced in the dirt and Smalley moved to second, then took third on Jim Sundberg’s long fly to right. Tovar followed with the game-winning hit, a liner on which center fielder Rivers attempted a shoestring catch. Hargan in the 12th, was the winner.
Frank Duffy and Frank Robinson combined to knock in eight runs for the Indians, who took a 4–0 lead in the first with the help of three Red Sox errors and coasted to an 11–3 victory. Duffy doubled home one of the first-inning tallies, hit a two-run homer, his first of the season, in the sixth, and added a two-run double in the ninth. Robinson contributed a bases-empty homer, two-run single and batted in three runs. The game marked the return to action of the Red Sox’ Carlton Fisk for the first time since last June 28, when the catcher tore ligaments in his knee. Injured again in spring training, Fisk went five innings behind the plate and 0-for-2 at the dish before giving way to Blackwell.
The Brewers collected 15 hits, including a three-run, second-inning homer by Darrell Porter and four safeties by Hank Aaron, while pinning an 8–4 defeat on the Tigers. Porter connected following singles by Bobby Darwin and Sixto Lezcano. Milwaukee made it 5–0 in the third on an error by right fielder Leon Roberts, who dropped Bill Sharp’s fly, a triple by Aaron and Lezcano’s second hit of the game. Detroit narrowed the lead to one run on Mickey Stanley’s RBI single in the fourth, Jack Pierce’s two-run homer in the fifth and Dan Meyer’s run-scoring single in the sixth. But the Brewers struck for three runs in the eighth, Aaron driving home one with his third straight single, to lock up the victory for reliever Tom Hausman, who came on in the sixth and blanked the Tigers the rest of the way.
Sal Bando rapped his third game-deciding hit in two days, a seventh-inning solo homer which snapped a 2–2 tie, as Oakland rolled past Minnesota, 5–2. Bando also drove in a run with a single in the eighth as the Athletics added two insurance runs for Paul Lindblad, who won in relief. The A’s led, 1–0, in the opening frame on Bill North’s single and stolen base and a single by Reggie Jackson. The Twins tied it in the fourth on a single by Steve Brye, two errors by Phil Garner and Tom Kelly’s sacrifice fly. A double by Tony Oliva, single by Brye and Johnny Briggs’ sacrifice fly moved Minnesota ahead again in the sixth, but Oakland tied the game again in the home half of the inning on a walk and singles by Claudell Washington and Jackson.
Cincinnati Reds 8, Atlanta Braves 4
New York Yankees 6, Baltimore Orioles 1
Cleveland Indians 11, Boston Red Sox 3
Texas Rangers 1, California Angels 0
Los Angeles Dodgers 5, Houston Astros 6
Detroit Tigers 4, Milwaukee Brewers 8
Chicago Cubs 6, Montreal Expos 0
St. Louis Cardinals 1, New York Mets 0
St. Louis Cardinals 4, New York Mets 0
Minnesota Twins 2, Oakland Athletics 5
Pittsburgh Pirates 5, Philadelphia Phillies 6
San Francisco Giants 6, San Diego Padres 7
Dow Jones Industrial Average: 864.83 (+9.39, +1.10%)
Born:
KT Tunstall, Scottish singer-songwriter and guitarist (“Black Horse and the Cherry Tree”), in Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom.
Kevin Dyson, NFL wide receiver (Tennessee Titans, Carolina Panthers), in Logan, Utah.
Chris Floyd, NFL fullback (New England Patriots, Cleveland Browns), in Detroit, Mishigan.
Mike James, NBA point guard (NBA Champions-Piston, 2004; Miami Heat, Boston Celtics, Detroit Shock, Milwaukee Bucks, Houston Rockets, Toronto Raptors, Minnesota Timberwolves, New Orleans Hornets, Washington Wizards, Chicago Bulls, Dallas Mavericks), in Copiague, New York.
Alisa Burras, WNBA center (Cleveland Rockers, Portland Fire, Seattle Storm), in Chicago, Illinois.
History Diaries 