In an explicit statement of American readiness to use tactical nuclear weapons against Warsaw Pact conventional forces, Defense Secretary James Schlesinger has informed Congress that if there were a conventional Soviet-led attack against Western Europe, the United States might have to be the first to use battlefield nuclear weapons to avoid defeat. He said that “the attack should be delivered with sufficient shock and decisiveness to forcibly change the perceptions of the Warsaw Pact leaders and create a situation conducive to negotiations.” Because the Soviet Union has now achieved parity with the United States in strategic forces, he said, greater emphasis must fall on conventional forces and theater nuclear forees. The report said there were 7,000 American nuclear warheads in Western Europe, with two-thirds consigned to use by allied forces in case of war and one‐third to American forces. All the warheads are under United States control until turned over for allied use.
President Ford, in an address to heads of state at the meeting of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization in Brussels, vigorously reconfirmed the United States commitment to the Atlantic alliance, but warned that “partial membership or special arrangements” could endanger it. American officials said that the warning was directed in part, at least, at Portugal, which is viewed by the United States as moving toward Communism. Mr. Ford also said that NATO remained the “foundation” in the relationship between the United States and Europe and that important “tasks” confronted the alliance.
Premier Vasco Goncalves of Portugal said today that he had told Atlantic Alliance leaders that his country was “a loyal European state and intends to remain a loyal NATO member.” The Premier’s remark followed expressions of concern from President Ford and other American officials that Portugal appeared to be moving toward Communism. Troubles at opposite ends of the Mediterranean preoccupied government heads at the North Atlantic meeting here today. They spent most of the day discussing developments in Portugal and the Greek‐Turkish conflict in a round of meetings.
Ludvík Svoboda retired as General Secretary of Czechoslovakia’s Communist Party, due to illness, and was replaced by Gustáv Husák. Svoboda, 80, remained as President of Czechoslovakia until June 5, because he was too ill to sign a resignation.
President Valéry Giscard d’Estaing of France said in an interview published today that the European Economic Community needed a push toward political unity. “I think we have exhausted the possibility of purely technical and economic steps,” he said in the interview with the magazine Business Week. “What we need is some political coordination and with political coordination we will give a new push to political unity,” he said. “My predecessors were very reserved and doubtful about the possibility of a political role for the European Community,” the President added. “But I thing times are changing.”
Almost three months after the Turkish Cypriots announced that they were forming their own state, that state has become a political and social reality. Economically the state remains almost entirely dependent on Turkey, and diplomatic analysts here doubt whether it can ever be self‐sufficient. But its mere existence has an important impact on the discussions about Cyprus taking place this week in Brussels. Ever since Archbishop Makarios was temporarily deposed as President of Cyprus last July and Turkish troops invaded the island, the Turkish side has been demanding the division of the country into separate states for the ethnic Greeks, who make up 80 per cent of the population of 650,000 and for the ethnic Turks, who account for most of the rest. The Turks concede that the two states should be linked by a central government, but they want it to have minimal powers. The Greek side proposed that the Turks be grouped in several cantons, not a single state. But in early February the Turkish leaders announced formation of their own state in northern Cyprus, and stepped up attempts to collect all their people in that zone.
A Madrid court sentenced two members of the Basque guerrilla organization ETA to 16 years in jail each for illegal association and terrorism. The two, Jose Luis Inurritegui, 23, and Victor Angel Aranzabal, 22, both students, were arrested early last year on charges of bombing banks and other buildings. ETA stands for Basque Land and Liberty.
An American U-2 reconnaissance aircraft conducting a new and advanced kind of electronic surveillance over Western Europe crashed today near the town of Winterberg, West Germany, a highly placed government source said tonight.
Norway’s parliament passed a controversial and liberalized abortion law. Within minutes, Per Loenning, one of the country’s 10 bishops, announced he would resign in protest and triggered a possible open controversy between the state and the Lutheran Church over the issue. The new law falls short of full freedom for women to obtain abortion on demand. The decision will continue to rest with an abortion panel of two doctors.
Despite cool, drizzly weather, Pope Paul VI celebrated a Corpus Christi Mass in the open on St Peter’s Square in the Vatican. The 77-year-old Pontiff decided against moving the ceremony into St. Peter’s Basilica after about 45,000 Romans and Holy Year pilgrims turned up for the Mass. St. Peter’s holds a maximum congregation of 35,000.
Egypt is approaching the Salzburg conference between President Ford and President Anwar el-Sadat with Egyptian officials saying that the next step in the Middle East is up to the United States. The officials here say that Mr. Sadat has no new proposals of his own that he wants to put to Mr. Ford, or through him to Israel. The two men will meet Sunday and Monday in the Austrian city. Mr. Sadat flew today to Ljubljana, in Yugoslavia, for a one‐day meeting with President Tito. Tomorrow he will go to Vienna for talks with Chancellor Bruno Kreisky and on Saturday he will fly to Salzburg. According to Egyptian officials, Mr. Sadat hopes to learn whether there has been a real “reassessment” of United States policies toward the Middle East and whether the Administration is determined to conduct an evenhanded policy in the area despite opposition in Congress.
Lebanese Premier-designate Rashid Karami ended consultations with the country’s political factions but declined to say when he would form a new government to restore order. In Beirut, shops opened after eight days of civil strife. Police sources said four persons were killed and at least 15 injured in scattered shooting incidents between Lebanese nationalists and Palestinian guerrillas, raising the toll in the latest fighting to at least 98 dead and more than 265 wounded.
Renewed tribal fighting in Djibouti, in the French territory of the Afars and Issas, has brought the number of casualties in the disturbances in the last three days to 11 dead and 148 injured, the French Ministry for Overseas Territories said in Paris. The French sent 300 gendarmes to help local forces maintain order. The ministry said the rioting started with a family argument over a woman accused of committing adultery with a member of another tribe.
The Laotian Government announced today that it would for the first time receive aid in the form of rice from both Thailand and China. The timing of the announcement — on the day when talks began on a turn‐over to Laos of all United States Agency for International Development operations — seemed to indicate that Laos was preparing to cut herself loose from American aid, if necessary. Ouday Souvannavong, the Government’s chief spokesman, said that in an attempt to alleviate the economic crisis, the government was also preparing to purchase more than 200,000 pounds of rice from private stocks in the country, to be sold “at a loss” in various areas. Mr. Ouday would not say, however, when the rice from Thailand or China would become available, or how much each was providing.
Thailand and North Vietnam today completed a week of talks on normalizing relations and announced that a few problems “need further discussion.” A brief joint statement, issued as a 13‐member North Vietnamese Government delegation departed for home, said that a second round would be held in Hanoi. The talks here marked the first direct contact between the governments of the two countries, whose troops fought each other in Laos and South Vietnam during the Indochina war. The North Vietnamese delegation, headed by Deputy Foreign Minister Phan Hiển, arrived May 21 and was originally scheduled to stay only three days. The departure was postponed several times, as further meetings were held, arousing speculation that the negotiations were going badly.
Sixteen alleged Trotskyite terrorists were held by Uruguayan military forces in connection with clandestine attempts to revive anti-government guerrilla activity, official communiques said. Observers in Montevideo saw the arrests as part of a renewed anti-Communist campaign by the joint military-police command, after settlement of their dispute last week with President Juan Maria Bordaberry over the firing of the meat board chairman.
A three-member fact‐finding commission appointed by the International Labor Organization accused Chile’s military Government today of having tortured labor leaders to death or executed them because of their trade union activities. The commission, which spent three weeks in Chile at the end of last year and conferred with government officials there, made the charge in a 122‐page report. It quoted the Chilean Government as having denied that it had put any labor leadlers to death because of their trade union activities. However, the commission said, it is an “established fact” that many trade union officials, or former officials, died after the military revolt that overthrew President Salvador Allende Gossens in September, 1973. But the commission did not say how many.
President Jomo Kenyatta of Kenya released 96 Nairobi University students held on riot and assault charges and said the cases against them would be withdrawn. Kenyatta said he was freeing the students as a humanitarian gesture and hoped they would not engage in any further “hostile acts.” The move was expected to defuse what had become a tense situation that arose when a riot broke out as police tried to break up a student meeting on the university campus.
Strict apartheid laws that force blacks to carry “passes” controlling their identity and movements have been abolished in Namibia, the Rand Daily Mail in Johannesburg said. Black persons no longer have to carry compulsory identity documents in the territory, the paper said. Observers see this as the biggest concession so far on the part of the South African authorities toward fulfilling the demands of the United Nations and the Organization of African Unity for the dismantling of apartheid.
The government’s new composite index of leading indicators, which is intended to foretell economic activity, signaled strongly that an upturn was imminent. The index had declined steeply, with only one short-lived interruption, since the summer of 1973. It nearly leveled off in February, but it turned up by 1 percent in March and then climbed by a record 4.2 percent in April. To make up this index, government and private economists have selected 12 of the hundreds of statistical series on the economy that have a good record of turning, up or down before the economy as a whole. Serious flaws were discovered in the old composite index (chiefly that inflation largely destroyed its forecasting accuracy) and so a new one has just been compiled that retains only four of the 12 indicators used in the old one.
The White House announced that President Ford had vetoed a $5.3 billion package designed to finance job-producing projects across the country through 1976. In returning the bill to Congress, Mr. Ford declared that “this bill is not an effective response to the unemployment problem.” The action of the President, now on a week‐long trip to Europe, was announced at the White House. “It would exacerbate both budgetary and economic pressures and its chief impact would be felt long after our current unemployment problems are expected to subside,” Mr. Ford said. The President noted that the measure authorized spending of $3.3‐billion above his own budget request, and almost half of the additional amount would be allocated in the fiscal year 1976.
Terry Sanford, the 57-year-old president of Duke University and a former Governor of North Carolina, became the sixth Democrat to enter the presidential race. He is also the fourth Democratic Southerner to enter the race and the first to make a confrontation with Governor George Wallace of Alabama the central test of his candidacy. “I’m the one to take him on,” he said of Mr. Wallace as he announced his candidacy at the National Press Club in Washington. As a political ally of President Kennedy, Mr. Sanford combined racial moderation with finesse to uphold school desegregation in the early sixties, when Mr. Wallace was preaching defiance of Federal integration orders.
Governor Meldrim Thomson Jr. signed into law legislation designed to preserve the state’s distinction of having the first presidential primary in the nation. The bill, which passed earlier in the week, calls for New Hampshire to have its primary on either March 2 or “on the Tuesday a week before any primary in any other state.” Thomson, a conservative Republican, announced, “No matter what the other states do, we now have the law which will keep our primary as the first in the nation.”
Reporters who were subpoenaed to appear at trials or before grand juries in the last 26 months complied willingly in 80% of the cases, according to the Justice Department. In a followup to a previous report, a Justice Department spokesman said no reporter, with one possible exception, was required to disclose confidential information.
The American Cancer Society said it “strongly reaffirms its support of the National Cancer Program.” The effort to mobilize against cancer was set up by Congress late in 1971. Federal dollar support has swelled from $190 million in 1970 to $690 million in this fiscal year, with about $1.5 billion spent during that time. In a “Position paper,” the society touches on various criticisms leveled against the program: that it would reduce efforts in basic or untargeted research: that it would take funds from research on other diseases and that it had not shown much achievement in longer survival from various forms of cancer. Board Chairman W. Armin Willig called the attacks “unwarranted and unjustified.”
Authorities said they recovered about 800 pounds of marijuana from an aircraft that crashed and burned on takeoff from an untended airport near Rockwood, Tennessee. Two bodies were recovered from the wreckage of the Lockheed Lodestar. They were tentatively identified as Jennings Caney Brown Jr. and Charles K. McAnally, both of Gainesville, Florida. Sheriff Cecil Byrge said the plane was carrying about one ton of marijuana valued at an estimated $600,000. A customs official said the victims were believed to be members of a ring operating out of Florida. Byrge said the recovered marijuana was wrapped in Colombian newspapers.
An angry Rio Grande Valley melon farmer ran his auto through a group of United Farm Workers Organizers, rammed a truck scattering workers on the ground and leaped from the vehicle waving a pistol and ordering the union men off his land. Farmer Othal Brand told the demonstrators if the law enforcement agencies were not going to enforce a court order preventing UFW disruptions of the harvest, he would. Sheriff’s deputies of Hidalgo County, Tex., moved in quickly and convinced Brand to put away his pistol and leave while demonstrators cursed and pounded on his car. No shots were fired and no arrests made.
Two fishing boats were seized for allegedly illegal fishing off the East Coast of the United States. One was from Poland, the other from New Jersey. In Newark, the federal government seized the 100-foot Polish trawler Wicko and accused it of catching American lobsters. In Providence, Rhode Island, the state seized the 203-foot Tideland, owned by the Seacoast Products, Inc., of Port Monmouth, New Jersey, on orders of Governor Philip W. Noel. Noel said the action, taken under an obscure 79-year-old state law, was necessary to protect Rhode Island’s sport fishing. A federal judge quickly released the Tideland until a three-judge panel rules on whether the law is constitutional.
A month after the end of fixed commissions, a rate war is raging among stock brokers, leading some of the nation’s major financial institutions to warn that it could bring about the end of one or more Wall Street houses. Brokers are cutting their fees for the most part by 25 to 35 percent and in some cases, by 50 and 60 percent. The reductions are principally benefitting major financial institutions.
A women’s group asked the Atomic Safety and Licensing Board to prevent the Pacific Gas and Electric Co. from storing low-level radioactive fuel at a nuclear power plant near San Luis Obispo, California until a license to operate the plant is granted. Members of Mothers for Peace said the fuel, scheduled for June delivery, could cause a nuclear holocaust in the event of an earthquake or sabotage. But the chairman of the safety and licensing board, Mrs. Elizabeth Bowers, said she did not know whether the board has the authority to prohibit storage of the substance. A conference will be held Monday to determine what group has jurisdiction in the dispute.
Major League Baseball:
Elliott Maddox was back into his old groove against his old teammates tonight as he stroked four hits in five trips to the plate, batted in four runs and scored another in a 7-5 Yankees’ victory over the Texas Rangers, before a crowd of 12,827. His two-out double in the ninth inning broke a 5–5 tie and provided the winning runs.
New York Yankees 7, Texas Rangers 5
Dow Jones Industrial Average: 815.00 (-2.04, -0.25%)
Born:
Melanie Brown, English pop singer “Scary Spice” (Spice Girls), and television personality (America’s Got Talent; X-FActor), in Leeds, England, United Kingdom.
Shoshanna Lonstein, American fashion designer and ex-girlfriend of Jerry Seinfeld, in New York, New York.
Matt Bryant, NFL kicker (Pro Bowl, 2016; New York Giants, Indianapolis Colts, Miami Dolphins, Tampa Bay Buccaneers, Atlanta Falcons), in Bridge City, Texas.
Jason Allison, Canadian NHL centre (NHL All-star, 2001; Washington Capitals, Boston Bruins, Los Angeles Kings, Toronto Maple Leafs), in North York, Ontario, Canada.
Nikolai Tsulygin, Russian NHL defenseman (Mighty Ducks of Anaheim), in Ufa, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union.
Maceo Baston, NBA power forward (Toronto Raptors, Indiana Pacers), in Corsicana, Texas.
Sean Spencer, MLB pitcher (Seattle Mariners, Montreal Expos), in Seattle, Washington.
History Diaries 