The United States was trying to extricate itself from a diplomatic crisis caused by the sending of marines into Thailand for possible deployment in rescuing the Mayaguez. Officially the State Department and White House withheld comment on a Thai note demanding the immediate withdrawal of the marines. Privately they said they could probably be removed by today if they can be ferried by helicopter to the aircraft carrier USS Coral Sea, and there was understanding of the embarrassment to the Thais who have been adopting a more neutral policy.
The French press reports a massive deportation from Cambodian cities.
Rescue operations begin in Cambodia as U.S. Marines attack Koh Tang Island and bomb Ream Air Base, in the first use of U.S. troops on foreign soil under the War Powers Act (May 15 in Cambodia; the 14th in Washington). Thirty-eight Marines die in the operation, with 50 wounded and three missing; the crewmen of the Mayaguez are released unharmed the same day.
The White House announced that marines had recaptured by force the American merchant vessel Mayaguez which had been seized by Cambodian gunboats. The Pentagon said about all of the 39 crew members had been picked up. Marines also stormed the shore of the nearby island. An airfield of the Cambodian mainland was bombed by carrier-based planes. President Ford, who ordered the operation after the failure of diplomatic initiatives, announced its results in a brief statement.
Members of Congress generally expressed approval of President Ford’s ordering of military operations off Cambodia and the Senate Foreign Relations Committee adopted a strong resolution of support acknowledging his constitutional right to conduct such operations. But some congressional leaders said he had not consulted them in advance but merely informed them of a decision already taken.
Foreign Minister Andrei A. Gromyko today rebuked Secretary of State Kissinger for having defended an increased American military budget while at the same time advocating the relaxation of tension between the United States and the Soviet Union. Mr. Gromyko, who is scheduled to meet Mr. Kissinger in Vienna Monday, asserted in an apparent departure from a prepared text that the two positions, laid out by Mr. Kissinger in a speech at St. Louis this week, “do not quite jibe.” The Soviet minister said Mr. Kissinger’s speech Monday contained “a number of correct statements” — that détente with the Soviet Union should be pursued and that President Ford should seek to lessen the danger of nuclear war.
The leader of the French Communist party lashed out at the Chinese Cornmunists today for what he called their “abandonment of Marxism‐Leninism,” their “indefensible” support for “an aggressive Europe of monopolies” and their continued praise of Stalin. Georges Marchais spoke as Deputy Premier Deng Xiaoping of China was on the third day of his six‐day state visit to France. Mr. Deng, whom Mr. Marchais mentioned in a contemptuous tone several times but never with any title — he is No. 3 man in the Peking hierarchy — is to visit the Berliet truck factory tomorrow. A French Communist spokesman said: “Our party is very strong at the Berliet works. We could easily have organized demonstrations, but we decided against it.”
Four persons were killed today in gun battles between the police and Basque activists in the ancient Basque capital of Guernica. The shootings began at about 2 AM when, according to Spanish news agencies, a sentinal at a Civil Guard barracks in Guernica was fired on from a car. In the search for the gunmen, forces of the paramilitary Civil Guard raided an apartment that was thought to he a hide‐out for guerrillas of the Basque separatist movement, E.T.A. A Civil Guard lieutenant who called for the occupants to surrender was killed by a burst of machine‐gun fire. The 48‐year‐old officer was the seventh policeman killed by the activists in the last five months.
Portugal’s military government today nationalized the cement, cellulose and tobacco industries and instituted wage controls. A government spokesman said the take‐overs would affect 20 large companies. He did not mention compensation. The government already controls the transportation, communications, chemical, petroleum and pharmaceutical industries, as well as the nation’s banks, insurance companies and the mass media.
The 52nd regular police officer to die in Ulster’s six years of violence was buried in Belfast today. Constable Paul Grey, 20 years old, was the first policeman to be murdered or ever attacked since the I.R.A. Provisionals’ cease‐fire began February 10. He was shot twice in the back by a sniper last weekend. The rifle shots were fired from a shop overlooking Londonderry’s historic walls. The Provisionals claimed responsibility for the killing.
Three Arab brothers from the former Jordanian sector of Jerusalem were convicted of the murder of an Israeli taxi driver early this month and sentenced to life imprisonment. Showing neither contrition nor remorse, the three young men defiantly chanted the Palestinian slogan — “Palestine is Arab” — as they were led away. On the surface the murder does not appear remarkable — it seems to have been another example of the kind of vicious, pointless terrorism of the Israeli‐Arab dispute. But behind the conviction of the brothers lies a tale that illustrates the intimacy, animosity and violence that permeate the relations of the Arab and Jewish residents of this city and reflects the enormous pressures under which both communities live.
President Sadat of Egypt, interviewed by a Lebanese weekly journal, said he would seek American financial aid to help settle Cairo’s large debts to the Soviet Union. He said he would discuss this with President Ford in Salzburg. Austria, next month. Mr. Sadat has been visiting Arab countries to seek consensus before the next step in negotiations. He reiterated a challenge to the United States to state that it wanted Israel to quit areas occupied in 1967.
Peasants in a wide belt of eastern India are facing hunger because of drought and rising food prices. They and the urban poor are also suffering because wheat and rice are increasingly scarce in the Government’s rationing system.
Congress appropriates $405 million to fund a refugee aid program and authorizes resettlement of South Vietnamese and Cambodian refugees in the United States. Over 140,000 refugees are flown to the United States under the program in the next few months. The House of Representatives voted 351 to 31 to authorize transportation, temporary maintenance and resettlement of South Vietnamese and Cambodian refugees and passed by voice vote a companion bill appropriating $405 million for the program. President Ford had originally asked $501 million. The Senate, in a change of signals, is expected to take up both bills and will probably do so today.
Thousands of Hmong soldiers and officers, who had assisted the CIA during the Laotian Civil War, reported to the Long Chieng airbase in Laos, along with their families. Though the Hmong were told that they would be airlifted to safety before the country was taken over by the Communist Pathet Lao, only two cargo planes were allotted to the rescue, which saved only 2,500 people. The others were forced to flee into the surrounding jungles, where they were hunted down after Communist troops captured Long Chieng. Those who survived to make it to Thailand lived in refugee camps for years.
Anti-American demonstrators in Laos ransacked United States buildings in Luang Prabang and Savannakhet. Three Americans in Savannakhet were reportedly seized and held in the home of the provincial governor. Embassy officials in Vientiane, the capital, said the evacuation of Americans scheduled to leave this year would begin at once. The American charge d’affaires protested and demanded protection for Americans.
All 1,000 United States marines flown to U Taphao air base in Thailand were withdrawn, the Thai government announced. Preeda Wattanathabut, a minister attached to the Premier’s office, said that the marines had been moved to the aircraft carrier USS Coral Sea in international waters. The withdrawal followed demands that the marines be removed at once from Thailand.
Evidence from disparate sources indicates that popular support for President Park Chung Hee has been steadily eroded by his repressive political measures. Even sources within the governing circle, who cannot be identified for fear of reprisal, said that open resentment had become apparent recently among such traditionally stanch supporters of the President as farmers and others in the conservative countryside. They said that long‐term, disillusionment with the government had spread there from the students, Christians, opposition politicians and intellectuals who have been the outspoken critics of President Park’s vigorous use of his virtually unlimited power.
Former Senator Benigno S. Aquino Jr., an outspoken critic of the martial‐law Philippine Government, ended a 40‐day protest fast today. His wife said yesterday that, since he had won no concessions from the Government of President Ferdinand E. Marcos, the only option left was to recover his health to fight again. Mr. Aquino, who was arrested when martial law was imposed in September, 1972, has periodically appealed for a return to civil liberties. In the last statement during his hunger strike which began April 4, he asked Mr. Marcos to restore independence to the judiciary and to end martial law. Soon after he broke his fast by accepting some broth and dextroses today, a military tribunal that had been hearing evidence against him decided not to begin his trial. The reason, it said, was to reserve to Mr. Marcos the right to shift the proceeding to a civilian court.
The Organization of American States failed in five attempts to elect a new secretary general today. A special session of foreign ministers was held in an effort to break the deadlock between the Dominican Republic’s candidate Victor Gómez Bergés, and Alejandro Orfila of Argentina. Neither had been able to obtain the necessary 13 votes — a majority of the 24 O.A.S. member countries.
President Ford turned down New York City’s plea for $1.5 billion for expenses through June 30, saying it would provide no real solution. His “Dear Abe” letter to Mayor Beame said he believed the city’s requests for backing and guarantee should go to the State of New York. Treasury Secretary William Simon said the response was a signal to the city to “take the extremely difficult political actions it must to put its fiscal and financial house in order.”
Governor Carey and Mayor Beame reacted angrily last night to President Ford’s rejection of Federal assistance to New York City, with the Governor declaring that “we didn’t even get 30 pieces of silver.”
Former Commerce Secretary Maurice Stans was fined $5,000 in federal court in Washington for five admitted misdemeanor violations of campaign laws as chief fundraiser in President Nixon’s 1972 re-election drive. He said later that the sentence showed that the violations were unintentional, and that he had been exonerated of any improper acts in connection with Watergate.
Congress completed work today on the first Congressional resolution on the budget in history — the start of a new process aimed at giving Congress fuller and more rational control over government spending. The concurrent resolution, to which both the House and Senate gave final approval today sets a target ceiling of $367‐billion on Federal spending in the next fiscal year, and contemplates a deficit of $68.8‐billion.
The Senate Select Committee on Intelligence Activity voted today to ask the Federal Bureau of Investigation for documents contained in the bureau’s “raw” intelligence files. The vote, which came at the end of a closed business session appears to signal the beginning of a confrontation between the Senators and Attorney General Edward H. Levi, who has opposed providing such files to Congress. Senator Frank Church, the Idaho Democrat who heads the 11‐member panel that is looking into Federal intelligence gathering activities, said that the request would be made under the committee’s authorizing resolution, and not the Freedom of Information Act.
Both figures are somewhat higher than President Ford has proposed, but members of Congress of both parties have said that the differences reflect more realistic estimates of costs on the part of Congress rather than increases in spending programs. The concurrent resolution is intended only as a guideline to Congress itself as it proceeds with action on individual appropriations bills and on substantive legislation that involves spending. Thus it does not require the President’s signature.
The Chief Justice of the United States would deliver an annual report to a joint session of Congress on the state of the Federal judiciary, under a proposal made today by two Democratic members of the Senate Judiciary Committee. Senators Birch Bayh of Indiana and Edward M. Kennedy of Massachusetts said their plan would give added emphasis to the importance of the judicial branch and provide the Chief Justice with a forum like the President’s in which to dramatize his recommenda for reform. Chief Justice Warren E. Burger has given an annual State of the Judiciary address to the American Bar Association for the last several years, but few of the proposals he has offered there have made significant progress in Congress.
A Federal judge ordered two anti-busing leaders today to answer questions about their alleged involvement in organizing a demonstration outside South Boston High School last week. United States District Court Judge W. Arthur Garrity Jr. said the action could be a step toward making the two women, Virginia Sheehy and Rita Graul, defendants in the school integration case. The demonstration, in which about 500 persons gathered outside the racially troubled school, violated a court order banning demonstrations within 100 yards of schools. In today’s action, Judge Garrity ordered the two women to answer questions by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, which represents black parents in integration cases.
Elderly citizens and groups representing them filed a suit in Federal District Court today charging the Ford Administration with impounding more than $40-million earmarked by Congress for food programs.
One of President Ford’s choices for the Legal Services Corporation withdrew under fire today, and a second came under criticism as Senate confirmation hearings on the long‐delayed nominations opened. Former Representative Edith Green, Democrat of Oregon asked the President to with draw her name “for personal reasons,” Senator Harrison A. Williams Jr., chairman of the Senate Labor Committee, announced. The White House assured the New Jersey Democrat that a substitute nomination would be submitted soon. Sixty House members headed by Representative Richard L. Ottinger, Democrat of Westchester, sent Senator Williams a letter yesterday, opposing Mrs. Green on the ground that she was a “long‐time opponent of legal services” and thus not qualified to help oversee the program.
Ordination of 11 women as Episcopal priests last summer in Philadelphia was described at an ecclesiastical trial here today as irregular but valid by three witnesses, including one of the Bishops who ordained the woman. In addition, a deposition supporting the ordination as valid from the Right Rev. John E. Hines, retired Presiding Bishop of the Episcopal Church in the United States, was read to the court. The deposition had been taken recently from Bishop Hines, who could not be present.
Over strong opposition from his advisers, President Ford has ordered construction of a swimming pool at the edge of the White House South Lawn near the Oval Office. The construction got under way today. The size of the heated pool will be roughly 20 by 50 deep and it is being built with voluntary contributions. Mr. Ford, 61 years old, is an avid swimmer and his one major regret on moving into the White House after assuming the Presidency last August was that there was no swimming pool at the White House.
Time is running out on the negotiations between the postal unions and the United States Postal Service as they try to reach agreement on the third two-year contract in the history of the reorganized federal agency.
The first full-sized luxury electric car, the Transformer 1, was introduced by Apollo Energy Systems at a press conference in the Detroit suburb of Southfield, Michigan. Robert Aronson showed the car to reporters and Aronson’s friend, television personality Arthur Godfrey, drove the vehicle around the grounds of the Raleigh House. The Transformer 1 was a modified two-door 1975 Chevy Chevelle powered by a 180-volt lead cobalt battery.
After the British government declined to award a patent to César Milstein, Georges J. F. Köhler and Niels Kaj Jerne for inventing a process to create specially-made antibodies, Milstein and Köhler submitted a letter to the British science journal Nature, which published the news in its August 7 issue. The three biochemists would win the Nobel Prize in 1984.
The U.S. performs a nuclear test at the Nevada Test Site.
Nineteen years after the Academy Award for best screenplay was awarded to, but went unclaimed by, an author with the pseudonym of “Robert Rich”, Dalton Trumbo was presented the 1956 Oscar for scripting “The Brave Ones.” Trumbo had been blacklisted from Hollywood during the 1950s for his former membership in the Communist Party.
Kept alive by their defense and Keith Wilkes while Rick Barry was having a terrible time for three quarters, Golden State closed with a rush tonight as Barry poured in 14 fourth‐quarter points and the Warriors defeated the Chicago Bulls, 83‐79. The Warriors now advance to the finals against the favored Washington Bullets.
Major League Baseball:
Catfish Hunter, the only pitcher who has won a game for the New York Yankees in two weeks, won another one tonight when he stopped the California Angels in 10 untidy innings, 4–3.
The Twins shut out the Indians, 3–0, as Minnesota sent Gaylord Perry to his third straight defeat. The Twins scored in the first on a steal of home by Rod Carew and got homers later by Larry Hisle and Bob Darwin. Jim Hughes, a rookie, limited Cleveland to four hits.
Vada Pinson paced Kansas City’s 4–1 victory over the Tigers with four hits, and Nelson Briles pitched a five‐hitter. The 37‐year‐old Pinson hit homer to lead off the game, singled across a run in the second inning and had two doubles, raising his career‐hit total to 2,701.
Baltimore downed the White Sox, 3–2. Baltimore won it in the ninth on a single by Bobby Grich and a triple by Don Baylor off the White Sox relief ace, Terry Forster.
Doug Rader belts two homers and drives in five to pace an 11–7 Astros triumph at Chicago’s Wrigley Field. Roger Metzger adds four hits while Bob Watson supplies three, including a home run. The Cubs used six pitchers, and they gave up 15 hits.
The Pirates edged the Padres in 11, winning 5–4. Bill Robinson’s single to left field in the 11th drove in Dave Parker with the winning run for Pittsburgh. Parker, pinchhitting, had doubled. The victory went to Sam McDowell, who relieved in the 10th.
Woodie Fryman, who has not lost a game this season, won his fourth with the help of a three‐run seventh inning, as the Expos squeaked by the Braves, 5–4. Pepe Mangual drove home the winning run in the seventh with a single. Atlanta’s Vic Correll and Clarence Gaston hit homers off Fryman, who pitched seven innings.
The Phillies shut out the Reds, 4–0, at Veteran’s Stadium. Dick Alen played his first game back with the Phillies.
A five‐run third by St. Louis proved decisive, as the Cardinals beat the Dodgers, 7–4. Ted Simmons had two‐run double and Ken Reitz a two‐run single to chase the Doodger starter, Doug Rau.
The Mets beat the reeling Giants, 5–1 as Jerry Koosman improved to 3–1 on the year. Mike Caldwell took the loss. Koosman allowed five hits and eight walks, but the Giants did little with them. San Francisco hit into four double plays.
Admitting he had been “in the wrong place at the wrong time doing the wrong thing,” Cleon Jones accepted yesterday a record $2,000 fine by the Mets and a tongue-lashing from the club’s chairman, M. Donald Grant.
Chicago White Sox 2, Baltimore Orioles 3
New York Yankees 4, California Angels 3
Houston Astros 11, Chicago Cubs 7
Kansas City Royals 4, Detroit Tigers 1
Cleveland Indians 0, Minnesota Twins 3
Atlanta Braves 4, Montreal Expos 5
San Francisco Giants 1, New York Mets 5
Cincinnati Reds 0, Philadelphia Phillies 4
San Diego Padres 4, Pittsburgh Pirates 5
Los Angeles Dodgers 4, St. Louis Cardinals 7
Milwaukee Brewers 3, Texas Rangers 2
Dow Jones Industrial Average: 858.73 (+8.60, +1.01%)
Born:
Nicki Sørensen, Danish professional road bicycle racer, in Hillerød, Denmark.
Cory Larose, Canadian NHL centre (New York Rangers), in Campbellton, New Brunswick, Canada.
Pat Luckey, WNBA forward (Phoenix Mercury), in San Marcos, Texas.
Died:
Ernst Alexanderson, 97, Swedish-born American inventor and pioneer in the development of radio and television.
History Diaries 