The Sixties: Thursday, March 11, 1965

Photograph: Major Richard Dean Smith, from Wichita, Kansas. Served with the 8th Bomb Squadron, 34th Tactical Group, 405th Fighter Wing, 13th Air Force.

On 11 March 1966 two Canberras of the 8th Bomb Squadron departed Biên Hòa Air Base for a visual strike against a target some 30 miles north of Kon Tum City. One of the aircraft, B-57B tail number 53-3890, burst into flames and crashed immediately after a low-altitude weapons release, possibly due to fragmentation damage from its own bombs. The body of the pilot, Captain William C. Mattis of Acampo, California, was recovered shortly after the loss, but the remains of the bombardier-navigator, 1st Lt Richard D. Smith, were not located. He was classed as Missing in Action and remained in that status until the Secretary of the Air Force approved a presumptive Finding of Death on 01 Dec 1977. A JTF-FA investigation led to the repatriation of fragmentary remains on 07 Feb 1994. On 06 Sep 1994 the Defense Department announced that the remains had been identified as those of Richard D. Smith.

Richard is buried at Resthaven Gardens of Memory, Wichita, Sedgwick County, Kansas. He is honored on the Wall at Panel 1E, line 95.

Operation MARKET TIME, the U.S. Navy complement to the aerial bombing in Operation ROLLING THUNDER, began off the coast of North and South Vietnam with patrols along the coast, and 40 miles (64 km) and 150 miles (240 km) off the coast, in order to disrupt North Vietnam’s supply lines to the Việt Cộng in the south. Unlike the strikes against inland supply lines, the naval operation “proved to be very successful” and cut off the sea supply routes during the war. The first attacks would take place on March 15, as fighter-bombers took off from the aircraft carriers USS Ranger (CV-61) and USS Hancock (CV-19) to bomb an ammunition dump at Phú Quý.

The United States will probably send additional military forces to South Vietnam soon on security missions similar to that of the two Marine Corps battalions that arrived there this week. There are also indications in Washington that the United States plans to step up aerial attacks against growing Việt Cộng concentrations in South Vietnam and military targets in North Vietnam. The indications of a step-up in United States activity coincided with a Pentagon announcement that the March 2 aerial strikes against Xom Bang and Quảng Khê, military centers in North Vietnam, had been more than 70 percent successful.

The air raids on North Vietnam have been intended as a blunt notification to the Hanoi regime to desist from its support of the Việt Cộng insurgency in South Vietnam on pain of suffering retaliatory assaults on its own soil. It appeared, however, that in the Xom Bang and Quảng Khê raids, the North Vietnamese Government “did not get the message” and the operations of the Communists in South Vietnam have continued unabated. Increased United States military intervention should thus be expected, it was indicated, in view of the Administration’s conviction that the Hanoi regime has organized, equipped and directed the Việt Cộng guerrilla war in South Vietnam. Official sources in various parts of the Government have emphasized in the last few days that the United States has decided not to permit North Vietnam the “sanctuary” that was permitted to Communist China in the Korean war.

In that war, in an effort to limit hostilities, the United States refrained from attacking military centers in China that were used to support the Communist forces fighting in Korea. The critics of this policy said it permitted the Communists a sanctuary for carrying on the war. No information was available, however, on the discussions that President Johnson held yesterday with Secretary of State Dean Rusk, Secretary of Defense Robert S. McNamara and other high aides at Camp David, Maryland. Until now the only ground combat forces that the United States has sent to Vietnam have. been two Marine Corps battalions now guarding the Đà Nẵng Air Base. A third battalion, equipped with Hawk anti-aircraft missiles, is also stationed at Đà Nẵng.

A United States jet bomber crashed today during a raid in Bình Định Province in Central Vietnam. A search was under way for two Air Force crewmen. The plane, a B-57, was the first United States jet lost since the B-57’s began flying bombing missions against the Việt Cộng on February 19. A ground rescue team reached the area of the crash late in the evening but found nothing. The search party was supported by armed helicopters and Skyraider fighter-bombers over the site. Other pilots on the six-plane mission, north of Kannack, said they had seen the two crewmen eject themselves from the jet before it went down. The pilots added that they had not seen evidence of Việt Cộng ground fire that could have caused the crash. The plane was flying at 500 feet, dropping napalm, or jellied gasoline. The exact nature of the mission was not disclosed, but United States military spokesmen in Saigon said the jets had probably been striking at a Việt Cộng concentration reported in the area. Communist guerrillas attacked a Special Forces camp at Kannack earlier this week, but lost more than 100 men in an unsuccessful attempt to overrun it.

Military estimates of Communist strength in the coastal province south of Đà Nẵng have ranged between five and eight battalions, each comprising 450 guerrillas. In the neighboring province of Phú Yên, where some of the guerrillas were believed to have sought refuge, 15 of the B-57 jets bombed coastal areas 11 miles southeast of Tuy Hòa.

At Đà Nẵng, where two Marine battalions landed Monday to safeguard the large jet air base, there were reports of the first Marine contact with Việt Cộng guerrillas in the area. Six marines patrolling with 11 Vietnamese Rangers on the coast, heard movement in nearby brush. When a marine ignited an illumination grenade, two Vietnamese jumped from hiding places and fled. No shots were fired. General Harold K. Johnson, the United States Army Chief of Staff, left Saigon for an overnight trip to Đà Nẵng. The tour was to be the first made by the general outside the capital in the seven days he has spent in Vietnam. He is expected to leave the country this weekend.

A United States Marine Corps helicopter crashed and burned today 30 miles south of Đà Nẵng. Four crewmen were injured. The craft, from a company that had been in Vietnam several weeks, was believed to have been on a supply mission to South Vietnamese Government troops in a valley south of Đà Nẵng. A marine officer said that three of the injured men had been taken to a field hospital at Nha Trang and that the fourth had been brought to Đà Nẵng for treatment.

In Geneva, the World Council of Churches, spokesman for the Christian faiths outside of the Roman Catholic confession, called for a negotiated settlement of the Vietnam war and the end of United States and other intervention.

Secretary of Defense Robert S. McNamara warned congress today that the Việt Cộng must be defeated in South Vietnam. Otherwise, the United States will have to face the same problem again in another place or permit the Communists “to have all of Southeast Asia by default.” In testimony before the House Foreign Affairs Committee, he said that Laos and Thailand would follow Vietnam as targets of Communist subversion. “Thus,” he said, “the choice. is not simply whether to continue our efforts to keep South Vietnam free and independent but, rather, whether to continue our struggle to halt Communist expansion in Asia. If the choice is the latter, as I believe it should be, we will be far better off facing the issue in South Vietnam.” General Earle G. Wheeler, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, accompanied the Secretary. He told the committee that, if the United States discontinued its effort in Vietnam now, the decision would undermine the trust of other American allies that are exposed to threatened Communist aggression and subversion around the world.

Both officials strongly supported the Administration’s request for $1.17 billion for military assistance in a $3.38 billion foreign aid program. The committee has been holding closed sessions, but copies of the prepared statements were made public. The nation’s commitment in Vietnam and foreign aid as a tool of foreign policy were surveyed at a separate hearing later in the day before a Foreign Affairs subcommittee looking into the Sino-Soviet split over Communist ideology. George F. Kennan, former Ambassador to the Soviet Union and Yugoslavia, told this group that it was futile to talk about possible negotiation to end the conflict in Vietnam if this meant a formal conference looking to a formula or document terminating the war. “I see no indication that they are ready to change their form of behavior,” he said. “And we should not get the idea that this conflict can be negotiated out of existence by a piece of paper.”

Pathet Lao forces suffered heavy casualties in a large raid against the Donghene cadet school and airstrip where they blew up a bridge Monday night, according to a Laotian military spokesman. The pro-Communists left 60 dead on the barbed-wire defenses of the Donghene post, the spokesman said. The Government casualties were six dead and 12 seriously wounded. Sporadic fighting continued for 48 hours as the Pathet Lao force, estimated at 200, withdrew into the thick underbrush. The raid was one of the biggest guerrilla operations the pro-Communists have launched in Laos, and Western military sources said it indicated their capability for such actions. Donghene is near the Mekong town of Savannakhet and is 25 miles behind the Government front lines at Muong Phalane. The destroyed bridge was between Savannakhet and Muong Phalane on Route 9, a main supply route, which continues on to a Communist supply depot at Tchepone.

On Monday night the Pathet Lao forces attacked the post and blew up the bridge. Then in an action lasting well into Tuesday morning, they held off two relieving forces before withdrawing. A North Vietnamese soldier armed with a Soviet rifle was captured by a patrol Tuesday near Donghene, according to the Laotian spokesman, but it was not clear whether he was a member of the attack force. Preliminary interrogation has disclosed he is from Hanoi, the capital of North Vietnam. Meanwhile, a high-ranking Laotian military source announced that the Government began Tuesday to mop up the Pathet Lao forces in south central Laos. The official said) there had been three contacts with the pro-Communists, in groups of 40 to 80. The Government forces were reported to have captured a Pathet Lao camp.


Israel has asked West Germany for a guarantee of her frontiers as the price of agreeing to formal diplomatic relations. Highly placed sources, disclosing the Israeli condition tonight, said it was regarded as unacceptable by Chancellor Ludwig Erhard’s Government. These sources said that a second Israeli condition conveyed to Dr. Erhard’s envoy, Dr. Kurt Birrenbach, was fulfillment of Bonn’s suspended military-aid program. About a quarter of the $65 million commitment in tanks, warships, artillery, and other military equipment remained to be shipped when Dr. Erhard canceled the program last month under pressure from the United Arab Republic.

Bonn has offered to settle the balance with a cash payment that Israel could presumably use elsewhere to provide for her defense needs. Israel is reported here in Bonn to have been told that her defense needs will be met. Bonn has made no specific arrangements for other suppliers to step into the breach, informed sources said. But Bonn is said to have been trying to convince Israel that her problems of military equipment will be satisfactorily solved. Presumably West Germany has in mind new arms supplies from Israel’s “traditional” suppliers in Western Europe, principally France and Britain.

The Associated Press reported from Bonn that Dr. Erhard’s official spokesman had said the Government did not intend to resume shipping arms to Israel, In Jerusalem, however, Bonn was reported to have agreed to resume the shipments.

The Soviet Government has energetically rejected a Chinese Communist protest against the methods used by the Soviet police in breaking up a student riot in front of the United States Embassy a week ago. A Soviet spokesman said today that Foreign Minister Andrei A. Gromyko rejected the protest “on the spot” when it was submitted to him over the weekend by the Chinese Ambassador, Pan Tzuli. The Soviet disclosure of the rejection came at a time of increasingly strong rumors in Moscow that Peking might call home the Chinese students remaining here. No confirmation of this could be obtained. Estimates of the number of Chinese students in the Soviet Union range from 200 to 600. Before the Chinese-Soviet conflict reached its peak two years ago there were several thousand Chinese studying in the Soviet Union.

Malaysian and Indonesian forces clashed today near the Sarawak-Borneo border as hopes for peace talks between the two countries collapsed. A Malaysian spokesman said artillery-supported security forces ambushed 50 to 60 Indonesians about 600 yards in Sarawak in the Bau district on the southwestern border of Borneo. Sources close to the Government here said Indonesia decided not to attend peace talks with Malaysia and is blaming the speeches by the Malaysian Premier, Abdul Rahman, for its decision. It was asserted that the Premier had inflamed Indonesian public opinion.

Indonesia President Sukarno signs the ‘Supersemar’ order, giving army commander Lieutenant General Suharto authority to do whatever he “deemed necessary” to restore order.

Sergel A. Vinogradov, the Soviet Ambassador to France, tightened the links between his country and France today by endorsing President de Gaulle’s proposal for a European solution of the main problems of Germany. This public support for General de Gaulle’s plan that Germany’s neighbors negotiate her reunification, frontiers and armaments underlined the envoy’s prediction that France and the Soviet Union had created conditions for “common action” for the consolidation of peace. Speaking to the French Diplomatic Press Association, Mr. Vinogradov lauded what he termed General de Gaulle’s real-I ism on Germany and Southeast Asia. The Soviet Union’s warnings to the United States February 9 and 10 “have not lost their force,” the Ambassador said. “The Soviet Union will fulfill its duty in regard to a brother socialist country.” that is, North Vietnam, he added.

A member of the Soviet mission to the United Nations asserted today that the charge of anti-Semitism had been raised against Moscow only “for political purposes,” to obscure the United States’ racial problems.

A spokesman for the Communist Government of Yugoslavia reported today that Mihajlo Mihajlov, a young Yugoslav scholar who wrote critically of the Soviet Union, was under arrest and was being interrogated.

Two couples drive off to a party on a Saturday night in Helsinki, but one of the four will not have an especially good time. There has to be someone to drive home, and because of an unusually severe drunk-driving law, the driver-elect will probably abstain at the party. Otherwise he might end up building an airport, the job the Finns have given their drunken drivers for the last seven years. Those tapped for a stretch at the airport usually tell their friends they have been called abroad on business. A local joke has it that the man with the red nose of a heavy drinker returns from his. trip abroad with all the redness gone away. There is a work camp at Helsinki Airport where 207 men convicted of drunk driving are now building runways and lengthening old ones. Fjalar Jarva, the police chief, says there are more than enough airports to keep drunken drivers busy for many more years.

Venezuelan President Raul Leoni, in his annual message to Congress, announced today a four-year plan aimed at bringing substantial increases in all phases of the national economy.

Ireland’s Prime Minister Seán Lemass dissolved the Dáil Éireann, the nation’s lower house of parliament, and called for new elections, after his Fianna Fáil party lost one seat in a by-election and another to the death of the incumbent. New elections would take place on April 7.

Queen Elizabeth II decided on her own to end the royal boycott of the Duchess of Windsor, a source close to the royal family said today.

A report on London housing pointed today to citywide planning as the only solution for the capital’s worsening housing shortage.


The Rev. James J. Reeb, the 38-year-old Boston minister who was beaten by whites in Selma Tuesday night, died in the University of Alabama Hospital in Birmingham tonight. Death came at 7:55 PM Eastern Standard Time. A few minutes later, Wilson Baker, Selma’s Public Safety Director, stepped out of his automobile at Browns Chapel Methodist Church, where 200 demonstrators were praying in the rain, and said: “Reverend Reeb has died in the hospital in Birmingham.” The word spread immediately through the demonstrators, who were holding their second all-night vigil for the wounded minister, and inside the church, where a rally was under way.

John Lewis, the chairman of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, left the church and told the demonstrators: “We will hold one minute of silent prayer for our fallen brother.” Mr. Baker said four white men who had been accused of the crime were rearrested and charged with murder immediately after he received word of the death. They were arraigned and released under bonds of $25,000 each, the normal amount required on a capital charge under Alabama law. Mr. Reeb, a Unitarian, and two other white ministers were attacked on a downtown street corner when they left a Black restaurant where they had eaten dinner. Four hours before, they had participated in a march led by the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. on Highway 80.

In the attack, Mr. Reeb suffered multiple skull fractures, resulting in a large blood clot over the left side of his brain. He underwent emergency surgery the night of the attack, but weakened steadily after that. It was the second death in the eight-week-old campaign, which Dr. King has led to protest barriers to Black voting in the Alabama Black Belt, an area of fertile soil and large Black population, Jimmie Lee Jackson, a 26-year-old Black, was fatally shot in a cafe in nearby Marion after state troopers broke up a night demonstration. Scores have been injured in the violence that has accompanied the demonstrations, and more than 3,500 persons have been arrested.


Attorney General Nicholas deB. Katzenbach announced today that the Justice Department would prosecute state and local law-enforcement officials and others as a result of the violent suppression last Sunday of an attempted civil rights march at Selma, Alabama. He said that he would not name anyone against whom charges might be brought. The action would be directed against those who took part in the bludgeoning and tear-gassing of civil rights demonstrators, who attempted to march on Sunday from Selma to Montgomery, the state capital, 40 miles away. “Since last Sunday [department] lawyers and FBI agents have been working around the clock in Alabama to secure evidence of violations of Federal law by state and local officials and others,” he said. “I have no question that Federal law was violated. We are going to bring charges against those whom we can identify as violators, and we are going to do so promptly.”

The Attorney General said that the department would act under a law of 1870 that makes it a misdemeanor for anyone to act under the guise of enforcing laws while depriving another willfully of rights guaranteed under the Constitution or laws of the United States. The maximum penalty is a year in prison and a fine of $1,000. Mr. Katzenbach indicated that he expected that persons of a higher rank would be charged along with some of the state troopers and members of the sheriff’s posse who participated in the suppression of the march.

But he indicated that no charges would be made against Governor George C. Wallace of Alabama, who ordered that the march be prevented, but was not at the scene. “Unless the Governor did something that I am not aware of,” Mr. Katzenbach said, “there is no basis for charges against him.” The Attorney General indicated clearly, however, that he believed law enforcement officials at the scene had used “totally unreasonable force” to suppress a march that the demonstrators had had a right to undertake. Mr. Katzenbach made the announcement of the impending charges at a news conference in his office at the Justice Department.

[Ed: Of course, Nothing came of this. Rev. Reeb’s murderers were tried in state court — and acquitted by an all-White jury. The state troopers and posse men of Bloody Sunday were never prosecuted. No federal charges were ever pursued. State trooper James Bonard Fowler, who killed Jimmie Lee Jackson and triggered the Selma marches, had his 1965 grand jury refuse to indict. He later went to fight in Vietnam; after the war, he became a heroin trafficker in Thailand and spent time in prison there. In 2007, he was finally convicted of manslaughter, and served six months for the killing of Jackson.


The first sit-in at the White House was carried out by 12 young men and women who were staging a civil rights protest. The group arrived at the U.S. presidential residence as part of a tour group but, once inside the central corridor, dropped to the floor, demanded to meet President Johnson, and refused orders to leave. Three went home voluntarily, but the others stayed for 7 hours until they were forcibly removed under police escort.

The Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. testified in federal court in Montgomery, Alabama today that he had had no intention of leading a march of Blacks and civil rights partisans from Selma to Montgomery last Tuesday. Questions from District Judge Frank M. Johnson Jr. indicated that Dr. King’s sworn version of secret negotiations with federal officials in Selma — negotiations that preceded a brief march — had sharply diminished the possibility that Dr. King would be held in contempt. Judge Johnson had issued an order forbidding a Selma-to-Montgomery demonstration.

The hearing that opened today involves a request by Black leaders for a federal injunction prohibiting Alabama state and county police from interfering with a march from Selma to Montgomery. The Blacks also seek to dissolve the court’s restraint against a renewed protest march. As the hearing began, Judge Johnson struck down an attempt by Alabama authorities to bring Dr. King before the court immediately on contempt charges. Dr. King is head of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, which has been conducting a voter registration drive in Alabama since last January. Judge Johnson dismissed a motion to this effect by attorneys for Sheriff James G. Clark Jr. of Dallas County (Selma) and Col. Al J. Lingo, director of the Alabama Highway Patrol. “Any contempt proceedings will be a matter between the court and the contemptor and is not any business of James Clark,” the judge said.

But there was widespread speculation here that Dr. King’s testimony today had done little to heal the open contempt for his leadership expressed by some more militant Black and white civil rights spokesmen. Many of these spokesmen have privately charged that they were “betrayed” by Dr. King’s behind-the-scenes bargaining with federal officials acting as “go-betweens” with the Alabama police. Dr. King was the first witness in what is destined to be a prolonged hearing. It will last at least through Monday, Judge Johnson said tonight. The Black leader strove to explain the conflicts that he said had beset him as he groped for a “responsible course of action” in planning the Tuesday march in the face of Judge Johnson’s temporary injunction forbidding it. One consideration, he said, was “a peaceful one”-the prospect that there would be violence by Blacks in Selma unless he was able to provide “an outlet for pent-up emotions.” Colonel Lingo and Sheriff Clark were in the court today. Governor George C. Wallace, also a party to the case, remained in the Alabama Capitol, seven blocks away.

Under questioning by Maury Smith, the Montgomery lawyer representing Governor Wallace and Colonel Lingo, Dr. King acknowledged that he had called Judge Johnson’s ban on the Tuesday march “an unjust order.” “I was very upset,” Dr. King said. “I felt it was like condemning the robbed man for being robbed. I was disturbed. Thousands of people who had come to Selma to march were deeply aroused by the brutality of Sunday. I felt if I had not done it [led the march], pent-up emotions could have developed into an uncontrollable situation.” He said he was determined to avoid violence by Blacks.

Seven Blacks, including James Forman, executive director of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, were arrested in Montgomery, Alabama today for blocking traffic on Capitol Hill after they had failed in an attempt to approach the State House. The city police said the seven, held in $300 bond each on charges of disorderly conduct, were members of a group of about 100 Blacks and whites who attempted to stage an all-night sitdown demonstration last night at the foot of the capitol steps. The all-night demonstration began when the leaders of nearly 1,000 protest marchers were denied permission yesterday afternoon to deliver a petition to Governor George C. Wallace, requesting his assistance in the Black voter registration drive at Selma. The remaining demonstrators were finally driven off by light rainfall at 1:30 AM today.


Senate and Administration leaders reached today what informed sources described as “substantial agreement” that new voting rights legislation should provide a simple, relatively quick method of assuring Blacks the right to register and vote. Attorney General Nicholas deB. Katzenbach said that he hoped to send the proposed draft of a Presidential voting rights message to President Johnson tomorrow. The message will describe in general terms what the Administration thinks should be done to guarantee the right of Blacks to register and vote. Mr. Katzenbach told a news conference that he expected the President to send a message to Congress early next week. An Administration bill carrying out its aims will be presented either then or within a few days, he said.

The Attorney General discussed different voting rights proposals this morning with the Senate Republican leader, Everett McKinley Dirksen of Illinois, who has been pressing the Administration for action on the subject, and the Senate Democratic leader, Mike Mansfield of Montana. The meeting was held in Senator Dirksen’s office at the Capitol. “I don’t see any substantial disagreement with what we are trying to accomplish,” the Attorney General said. “To the extent there is disagreement, it involves method.” Staff members of the Justice Department and the two Senate leaders continued to discuss the legislation this afternoon, and the Attorney General and the two Senators planned to meet again tomorrow morning. Also participating in the closed sessions were Senators Russell B. Long of Louisiana, the assistant Democratic leader, and Thomas H. Kuchell of California, the assistant Republican leader. The White House, meantime, announced today that Mr. Johnson would hold a news conference within a few days to discuss the outlines of his voting rights message to Congress.


The police barricaded roads leading into the Black section of Jonesboro, in northern Louisiana, yesterday after Black students had participated in the fourth day of a school boycott. Civil rights workers within the “Quarters,” as the Black area is known, said in telephone interviews that no one could enter or leave for several hours. The barricades were lifted in midafternoon. A Justice Department lawyer, Alexander Ross, was stopped by the police from entering the Black area. He said, also in a telephone interview, that he had been told there was a demonstration going on and that it would be dangerous to enter. He entered later when the barricades were removed.

Integration workers said the boycott had started because high school students wanted better facilities and because they wanted to protest the removal of a teacher for taking part in civil rights activities. They said 50 stayed away from classes on Monday, 200 on Tuesday, 300 on Wednesday, and the entire student body of 475 stayed out yesterday. The rights workers said local, Jackson Parish and state police took part in the barricade. They said some Blacks had been beaten by the police when they questioned the maneuver.


The United States Department of Justice said today that “unquestionably fraud” had been committed in the reporting of election returns in Philadelphia in last April’s bitter battle for the Democratic Senatorial nomination.

[Ed: BUT COMRADE!!! I have been assured by my television that this NEVER happens!!! There must be some mistake… :/ ]

The Senate Finance Committee will conduct a public inquiry next week into a controversial Internal Revenue ruling that reportedly would save members of the du Pont family as much as $100 million in taxes.

President Johnson helped dedicate an elaborate gymnasium in the new Rayburn Office Building today. He said it might “help to get rid of fat in the legislature.”

Walter W. Jenkins, former member of President Johnson’s White House staff, has moved to Austin, Texas and plans to make it his home.

Federal District Judge Sidney C. Mize ordered the Mississippi capital city of Jackson today to complete the desegregation of its public school system by 1969.

The Bessemer (Alabama) School Board challenged the constitutionality today of the 1964 Civil Rights Act section requiring schools to promise to integrate or lose their federal funds.

The city of Inver Grove Heights, Minnesota (with a current population of about 34,000) was created by the merger of Inver Grove and Inver Grove Township.


Dow Jones Industrial Average: 896.51 (+4.12)


Born:

Jesse Jackson Jr., African-American Politician (Rep.-D-Illinois, 1995-2012), in Greenville, South Carolina.

Steve Reed, MLB pitcher (San Francisco Giants, Colorado Rockies, Cleveland Indians, Atlanta Braves, San Diego Padres, New York Mets, Baltimore Orioles), in Los Angeles, California.

Johnny Holland, NFl linebacker (Green Bay Packers), in Bellville, Texas.

Frank Pillow, NFL wide receiver (Tampa Bay Buccaneers), in Nashville, Tennessee.

Rick Strom, NFL quarterback (Pittsburgh Steelers), in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

Laurence Llewelyn-Bowen, British designer and television presenter (“Changing Rooms”), in Kensington, London, England, United Kingdom.

Wallace Langham, American actor (“The Larry Sanders Show”, “CSI”), in Fort Worth, Texas.


Died:

James Reeb, 38, white Unitarian Universalist minister, two days after receiving severe head injuries received in a beating by white supremacists in Selma, Alabama.


His face blood-stained after a Việt Cộng bullet raked him from upper lip to ear, Marine Major William G. Leftwich, of Memphis, Tennessee, uses field telephone to contact other Marines on March 11, 1965 in Bình Định Province, South Vietnam. Two hours after this picture was taken, he was evacuated. (AP Photo)

Children watch as U.S. Marines pass through their village March 11th. The Marines, here to protect the U.S. air base near Đà Nẵng, were en route to take up positions in the hills around the air base. (Bettmann Archive/Getty Images)

11th March 1965. Men of the 2nd Battalion, 7th Duke of Edinburgh’s own Gurkhas, patrol the river Limbang, near the frontier of the ‘Forgotten War’ in North Borneo. (Photo by Ron Case/Keystone/Getty Images)

11th March 1965: British soldiers on a boat in Borneo. (Photo by Stan Meagher/Express/Getty Images)

U.S. park police foreground, halt a group of pickets as they neared the east gate of the White House, Washington on March 11, 1965. Meanwhile, a group of Civil rights demonstrators continued a sit-down inside the Executive Mansion. (AP Photo/Henry Burroughs)

Voter rights demonstrators sleep on the street in Selma, Alabama after several attempted marches were halted by police, March 11, 1965. (AP Photo)

A group of black demonstrators stand before the capitol building at Montgomery, Alabama, March 11, 1965 where they staged a protest march and sit down. They were attempting to see Governor George Wallace to express sympathy for blacks in nearby Selma. (AP Photo)

Civil Rights demonstrators are forcibly removed from an area used by mail trucks outside the Federal Building in Los Angeles on March 11, 1965. It was part of a lengthy demonstration which leaders told newsmen was staged to protest treatment “Negroes are getting in Selma.” (AP Photo)

New York Yankees’ alumnus Joe DiMaggio, left, gives batting instruction to, from left, third baseman Clete Boyer; first baseman Joe Pepitone; shortstop Tony Kubek; and second baseman Bobby Richardson, March 11, 1965, in Fort Lauderdale, Florida. (AP Photo)